Understanding the adhesive interactions between active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particles and carrier particles in dry powder inhalers (DPIs) is critical for the development of formulations and process design. In the current study, a discrete element method (DEM), which accounts for particle adhesion, is employed to investigate the attachment processes in DPIs. A critical velocity criter...

We consider the mathematical model of interaction of a vibrating surface with the load placed on it. With the purpose of accounting for influence on behavior of not only system interaction of a blade with a load but also internal interaction of particles of a material, the load is submitted as a finite number of strips with zero thickness. The carrying blade is represented as a vibrating membra...

A process is described that produces horizontal size segregation in a vertically vibrated layer of granular material. The behavior is a consequence of two distinct phenomena that are unique to excited granular media: vibration, which causes the large particles to rise to the top of the layer, and a vibrating base with a sawtooth surface profile, which can produce stratified flows in opposite di...

Large colloidal environmentally stable silica-coated cobalt particles were synthesized by combining the sodium borohydride reduction in aqueous solution and the Stöber method. Low size polydisperse cobalt spheres with an average size of 95 nm were synthesized by using a borohydride reduction method and were subsequently coated with a thin layer of silica by means of hydrolysis and condensation ...

in this research, the efficiency of the comminution circuit as well as the efficiency of size classification equipment of the concentrator plant 2 of sarcheshmeh copper complex was studied. the comminution circuit of this plant includes one sag mill in a closed circuit with a vibrating screen and one ball mill with a size classification system of hydrocyclone. the goal of this work was to calcu...

We report on the use of magnetic sedimentation as a means to determine the size distribution of dispersed magnetic particles. The particles investigated here are (i) single anionic and cationic nanoparticles of diameter D approximately 7 nm and (ii) nanoparticle clusters resulting from electrostatic complexation with polyelectrolytes and polyelectrolyte-neutral copolymers. A theoretical express...

In this paper, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method and were functionalized with aldehyde group. Spherical superparamagnetic nanoparticles with diameter of 100 nm were obtained based on the results of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). These particles were further applied for immobilization of enz...

In this paper, we propose an efficient hybrid Particle Filter (PF) algorithm for video tracking by employing a genetic algorithm to solve the sample impoverishment problem. In the presented method, the object to be tracked is selected by a rectangular window inside which a few numbers of particles are scattered. The particles’ weights are calculated based on the similarity between feature vecto...

tower cranes are major and expensive equipment that are extensively used at building construction projects and harbors for lifting heavy objects to demand points. the tower crane locating problem to position a tower crane and supply points in a building construction site for supplying all requests in minimum time, has been raised from more than twenty years ago. this problem has already been so...