Beam quality correction, kQQ0(r), for solid-state detectors diamond, LiF, Li2B4O7, Al2O3, and plastic scintillator are calculated as a function of distance, r, along the transverse axis of the 60Co and 192Ir brachytherapy sources using the Monte Carlo- based EGSnrc code system. This study also includes calculation of detector-specific phantom scatter correction, kphan(r), for solid phantoms suc...

Using hypnosis, two main approaches to modifying phantom limb pain experience can be identified: ipsative imagery, which makes use of the patient’s own imaginative interpretation of how the pain is generated, and a simulated movement approach. The latter approach shares many similarities with the ‘mirror’ technique recently advocated and used by Ramachandran (in non-hypnotic settings) to create...

  Introduction: Monte Carlo (MC) is the most common method for simulating virtual SPECT projections. It is useful for optimizing procedures, evaluating correction algorithms and more recently image reconstruction as a forward projector in iterative algorithms; however, the main drawback of MC is its long run time. We introduced a model based method considering the eff...

DESCRIPTION In the proposed technology myoelectric activity at the residual limb of amputees is used to predict complex phantom limb movements. These phantom movements are then feedback to the patient in real-time via Augmented and Virtual Reality. The purpose of engaging patients in Phantom Motor Execution is to eliminate Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) by normalizing maladapted brain circuitry and ex...

Background: In general, radiotherapy treatment planning is performed using the virtual bolus. It is necessary to investigate physical bolus in comparison to virtual one. Objectives: In the present study, first, radiological properties of superflab Gel bolus and Paraffin wax bolus was investigated in terms of their relative electron density. Then, dosimetric performance of both the bolus (...

background: the purpose of this study is to fabricate inexpensive in-house low cost homogeneous and heterogeneous human equivalent thorax phantom and assess the dose accuracy of the treatment planning systems (tps) calculated values for different lung treatment dosimetery. it is compared with thermoluminescent dosimeter (tld) measurement. materials and methods: homogeneous and heterogeneous tho...

Haptics is a recent enhancement to virtual environments allowing users to “touch” and feel the simulated objects they interact with. Current commercial products allow tactile feedback through desktop interfaces (such as the FEELIt mouse or the PHANToM arm) and dextrous tactile and force feedback at the fingertips through haptic gloves (such as the CyberTouch and the CyberGrasp). Haptics VR ...

When exploring a virtual environment using a point interaction type force feedback interface, users are forced to adopt a method of ‘temporal encoding’ in order to classify textured surfaces, due to the lack of spatially distributed cues on the fingerpad. Dynamic modelling of haptic interfaces suggests that high spatial frequency information may be attenuated, such that discrimination of stimul...

The development of force feedback devices to add haptic information to virtual environments (VEs) has important implications for both able-bodied and disabled computer users. A study is presented in which blind and sighted participants used a PHANToM 1.0 force feedback device to feel a range of virtual grooved textures using both a thimble and stylus interaction device. Although there was no si...