vitamin a is the generic name given to a group of fat-soluble compounds including retinol (the alcohol form), retinyl esters, retinaldehyde and retinol acid. deficiency, first recognized in 1912, can damage the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract. it can also affect immunocompetence, the reproductive function, growth and vision. the dose of vitamin a for neonates is 5,000 iu given int...

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the general population. Pregnancy and preterm delivery are known as risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Consequently, vitamin D level in women with preterm deliveries might vary from those with term pregnancies. In this study, we aimed to compare vitamin D level in term and preterm infant–mother pairs...

Vitamin D deficiency is not uncommon even in the sunny land of India. Lack of sun exposure and inadequate oral intake are both responsible for vitamin D deficiency. This article provides a retrospective, examining the effects of Vitamin D deficiency in 71 patients. The study's inclusion criterion was low vitamin D level combined with musculoskeletal symptoms but without the presence of osteomal...

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency may further increase fracture risk in patients with decreased bone mineral density. A cross-sectional study on serum vitamin D concentrations in medical inpatients was conducted at Bassetlaw District General Hospital between April 2014 and January 2015 (10 months), and the relationship of serum vitamin D concentrations with calcium and alkaline phosphatase...

background iron and vitamin d inadequacy are both essential wellbeing issues, an extra advancement has been the vitamin d extra skeletal role. late collecting proof demonstrates that vitamin d inadequacy is pervasive in people with pallor, we meant to recognize a potential relationship between vitamin d lack and iron insufficiency. materials and methods a case control study was done in erbil, i...

background: association between the vitamin d deficiency and metabolic syndrome (mets) has previously been noted and reported to be controversial. the aim of this study was to determine the association of serum 25 (oh) d level and vitamin d dietary intake with mets among iranian population . methods: this analytical study was conducted on 122 patients with mets based on the atpiii criteria and ...

pth is the most important factor which control calcium homeostasis in the body in this study we tried to determine the normal range of pth and vitamin d with examining the relation between pth and bone density and vitamin d on the base of bones biological changes. our subjects were, 20 to 69 years-old men and women of tehran. serum volume of pth and vitamin d in different decades of life had si...

Subacute combined degeneration ( SCD) due to vitamin B12 deficiency is common in North of Europe but sometimes it is seen in Iran. It can develop before the symptoms of anemia is obvious, with myelin injury and then axon and even neuron destruction in spinal cord, brain, optic and peripheral nerves. In this study two cases are reported; in the first patient, this disease in manifested by vitami...

introduction: megaloblasc anemia is an uncommon problem in childhood most frequently associated with vitamin deficiency or gastrointesnal disease. the common causes of megaloblasc anemia are vitamin b12 (cobalamin) deficiency and folic acid deficiency. familial selecve malabsorpon of vitamin b12 associated with proteinuria firstly was described by imerslund (1960) and grasbeck et al (1960)...

low plasma level of vitamin d is linked to the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and peripheral vascular diseases. vitamin d deficiency is a worldwide problem that involves iranian population. to the best of our knowledge, this was the first investigation on venous thromboembolism (vte) subjects that assessed the correlation of vitamin d leve...