The impact of ancient fertilization practices on the biogeochemistry of arable soils on the remote Scottish island of Hirta, St Kilda was investigated. The island was relatively unusual in that the inhabitants exploited seabird colonies for food, enabling high population densities to be sustained on a limited, and naturally poor, soil resource. A few other Scottish islands, the Faeroes and some...

It is estimated that approximately 1.1 billion people globally drink unsafe water. We previously reported both a novel copper-alginate bead, which quickly reduces pathogen loading in waste streams and the incorporation of these beads into a novel swirl flow bioreactor (SFB), of low capital and running costs and of simple construction from commercially available plumbing pipes and fittings. The ...

The establishment of sustainable soil waste management practices implies minimizing their environmental losses associated with climate change (greenhouse gases: GHGs) and ecosystems acidification (ammonia: NH3 ). Although a number of management strategies for solid waste management have been investigated to quantify nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) losses in relation to varied environmental and oper...

Increasing energy usage efficiency requires enhanced heat recuperation between process streams in the industry and civic sector with waste utilization. The condensation of different vapours is encountered many industrial applications. this possible efficient transfer equipment, among which a Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) at leading position. A number research works have been conducted recent years...

The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) at Galveston is a large academic medical center with about 12,700 employees, 350 radioisotope research labs and 200 permitted radioactive materials users. Consequently, UTMB generates a fairly large amount of radioactive waste. The majority of this waste contains short-lived radionuclides, such as 32P, 33P, and 35S, which are held for decay and then...

The extractive nature of the petroleum industry sets it apart from other industries in many respects. The nature of this industryplaces it at some‘what o f a disadvantage to other industries when attempts are made to foster waste minimization practices and programs. However, this is no excuse for the industry to not further vigorously pursue minimizing waste. This paper describes the petroleum ...

Waste iron sulfate is produced in titanium dioxide manufacture and in steel pickling with sulfuric acid. Many processes have been proposed to use this waste as a source of chemicals or raw materials. The process developed here is based on the reaction with pure or waste calcium chloride (Solvay brine) to obtain iron(I1) chloride and gypsum as a b y product. The iron chloride solution can either...

An anaerobic digester receiving food waste collected mainly from domestic kitchens was monitored over a period of 426 days. During this time information was gathered on the waste input material, the biogas production, and the digestate characteristics. A mass balance accounted for over 90% of the material entering the plant leaving as gaseous or digestate products. A comprehensive energy balanc...

Municipal solid waste (MSW) remains a major problem in modern societies, even though the significant efforts to prevent, reduce, reuse and recycle. At present, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) in waste-to-energy (WtE) plants is one of the main management options in most of the developed countries. The technology for recovering energy from MSW has evolved over the years and now sophisti...

Small communities in the primeval societies used to bury solid waste just outside their settlement, discharge aqueous waste into the local water bodies and release gaseous pollutants into the atmosphere. The increase in community size necessitated a more organised form of waste management to minimize the environmental impacts as the quantity of pollutants exceeded the system’s threshold. The st...