BACKGROUND Hospitals in Pakistan produce about 250,000 tons of waste per year. Hospital waste has been reported to be poorly handled and managed by the hospital staff and administration respectively. This leads to environmental and health consequences within hospitals as well as to outside population. Our study aimed to describe the qualitative results of observations of ten large private and p...

Background: The waste produced in the course of healthcare activities carries a higher potential for infection and injury than any other type of waste. Inadequate and inappropriate knowledge of handling of healthcare waste may have serious health consequences and a significant impact on the environment as well. Objective: The objective was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices of doctors...

Background: The number of studies available on the performance of on-site medical waste treatment facilities is rare, to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of onsite medical waste treatment equipment in hospitals of Tabriz, Iran. Methods: A various range of the on-site medical waste disinfection equipment (autoclave, chemical disinfection, hydroclave, and dry thermal tr...

The Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA) was created in 1992, after the United States Navy closed down its operations. The former US Naval Base was converted to a freeport zone, utilizing the facilities left by the US Navy. In order to keep up with the demand of a growing enterprise zone, SBMA endeavored to ensure that adequate basic services were maintained, including solid waste management...

How arborists view the issue of “waste wood” is changing. The number of landfills has been steadily shrinking, while tipping fees at the remaining facilities are rising continually. Disposing of waste wood was once merely a time and labor factor, but now carries with it considerably more expense. Many arborists have adjusted to the higher cost of handling waste wood by looking for value-added m...

Industrial and commercial wastes must be classified at least two times on the way from the owner of the waste to the waste disposal facility in order to ensure that waste handling is in conformity with the law. Wastes classification as dangerous goods is very difficult because they consist of many components with diverse dangerous properties. This paper presents a Web-based expert system we dev...

Environmental policies at the European and global level support the diversion of wastes from landfills for their treatment in different facilities. Organic waste is mainly treated or valorized through composting, anaerobic digestion or a combination of both treatments. Thus, there are an increasing number of waste treatment plants using this type of biological treatment. During waste handling a...

In this paper we are to present a practical application of Axiomatic Design (AD) methodology, as a roadmap to lean production, in redesigning a car body assembly line. Axiomatic Design theory provides a framework to simplify the whole problem. According to the AD principles, a hierarchical structure has been developed. The developed structure originated in lean manufacturing principles and exis...

Lignocellulosic biomass, which contains cellulose (40-50%), hemicellulose (25-50%) and lignin (10-40%), is the most abundantly available raw material on Earth [1]. Broadly, it is classified into three categories: virgin biomass, waste biomass and energy crops. Owing to the rapid growth of global population and corresponding agricultural activities, the amount of lignocellulosic waste biomass is...

This article deals with practices related to cytotoxic drug dispersal, cytotoxic safety, and cytotoxic waste management and attempts at India-specific guidelines for their dispersal and disposal. The articles related to cytotoxic drug dispersal, cytotoxic safety, and cytotoxic waste management were reviewed from PubMed and their applicability in Indian health-care facilities (HCFs) was also rev...