Clinical trials suggest that including naturally occurring complex carbohydrate in oral rehydration solutions (ORS) in place of glucose increases water absorption and reduces stool volume during acute diarrhoea. The mechanisms for this greater clinical efficacy has not been established. This study examined the ability of two hypotonic rice based ORS, RS-ORS (137 mOsm/kg) and RP-ORS (143 mOsm/kg...

The colon is a major site for fermentation and water absorption in the ostrich. Water absorption along the colon was evaluated and its relationship to osmolality, Na+ concentration, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration and carbohydrate content of digesta analysed. Mean water content decreased from 5.30 +/- 0.99 to 2.51 +/- 0.13 mf/g dry mass in the first 5 m of the colon. Correspondingly...

It is well known that low soil temperatures decrease the absorptionl of water by plants. Many years ago SACHS (24) reported that tobacco and gourd plants growing in moist soil under conditions favoring a low rate of transpiration wilted when the soil was cooled to 30 to 50 C., but recovered when the soil was warmed to 120 to 180 C. Cabbage and turnips were less affected, absorbing enough water ...

The present studies were designed to characterize sodium transport in the jejunum and ileum of humans with respect to the effects of water flow, sodium concentration, addition of glucose and galactose, and variations in aniomic composition of luminal fluid. In the ileum, sodium absorption occurred against very steep electrochemical gradients (110 mEq/liter, 5-15 mv), was unaffected by the rate ...

1. A double-lumen perfusion technique was used to study the effect of a wide range of concentrations of the dipeptide glycyl-L-alanine and its constituent amino acids on water and electrolyte absorption from iso-osmotic solutions in the upper jejunum of normal human subjects. 2. There was no significant absorption of water and electrolytes from sodium chloride solution (150 mmol/l) but the pres...

The aim of the present work was to confirm the usefulness of the dissolution/permeation system (D/P system) in the estimation of human oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. The D/P system, which can simultaneously evaluate drug absorption processes, dissolution and permeation, can predict the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs in fasted and fed humans, with a correlation bet...

To elucidate the mechanisms associated with water absorption in the intestine, we compared drinking and intestinal water absorption in freshwater- and seawater-adapted Japanese eels, and investigated a possible involvement of aquaporin (AQP) in the absorption of water in the intestine. Seawater eels ingested more water than freshwater eels, the drinking rate being 0.02 ml kg(-1) h(-1) in fresh ...

Proteins, molecules, and macromolecular assemblies in water are surrounded by a nanometer-sized hydration layer with properties very different from bulk water. Here, we use classical molecular dynamics simulations to study the dielectric response of hydration water next to hydrophobic and hydrophilic planar surfaces. We find the interfacial dielectric absorption of water to be strongly anisotro...

Hot water supplies account for approximately 30% of energy consumption in residential sectors of Japan; it is therefore important that the energy efficiency of water heaters be improved. Absorption heat pump water heaters are expected to provide greater efficiency than conventional water heaters that use gas. However, the absorption systems have larger volumes and are not widely accepted in the...

American Dental Association Health Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001 Integrated near infrared (NIR) absorbance has been used to determine the absorptivity of the y2 + y3 combination band of the asymmetric stretch (y2) and the bending vibration (y3) for water in several organic solvents. Absorptivity measured in ...