BACKGROUND Lung separation is essential for an emergency thoracic surgery for massive hemoptysis. When using a double lumen tube (DLT), a commonly adopted lung separation device during thoracic surgery, a water-tight seal of endobronchial cuff is crucial to prevent lung-to-lung aspiration of blood. In this study, we investigated the fluid sealing characteristics of the endobronchial cuff of a D...

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Most dams leak to an extent – if steady state conditions exist and remain whilst the dam is in service it is not necessarily a problem and the situation is just monitored for the quantity and ‘quality’ of leaks. However, if leakage suddenly appears or increases in any way that the dam could be at risk, or the economic value of the leaking water is large, then often investigation and remedial wo...

Plasma membrane ATPase has been proposed to be functionally altered during early stages of injury caused by a freeze-thaw stress. Complete recovery from freezing injury in onion cells during the postthaw period provided evidence in support of this proposal. During recovery, a simultaneous decrease in ion leakage and disappearance of water soaking (symptoms of freeze-thaw injury) has been noted....

This paper introduces a procedure to calculate the non-revenue water in urban water systems. A software is developed to determine the components of apparent and real losses. Identification of these parameters is so important especially in countries with critical water resources situation. Evaluation of the apparent losses components has the same importance as leakage, in countries like Iran whi...

This paper addresses the problem of leakage in water distribution systems through the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) as a nondestructive method. Laboratory tests are performed to extract features of water leakage from the obtained GPR images. Moreover, a test in a real-world urban system under real conditions is performed. Feature extraction is performed by interpreting GPR images with t...

A bundle of fibers (each 20 Am in diameter) was sandwiched by electrodes, and a high voltage of 400 V was supplied to the electrodes to measure the leakage current flowing on the surface of the fiber. The leakage current is as low as the order of mA. It was demonstrated that the current is almost linear relative to the water amount on the surface of the fibers in the examined range from 0.08 to...

statement of problem: chemo-mechanical caries removal is an effective alternative to the traditional rotary drilling method. one of the factors that can influence micro-leakage is the method of caries removal. objectives: to compare the micro-leakage of resin composite in primary dentition using self-etch and all-in one adhesives following conventional and chemo-mechanical caries removal. mater...