objective: mashhad metropolis as the second largest religioncity in the world and the second largest metropolis of iran with an annual 3 million pilgrims have significant direct and indirect effects on the watershed leading to the city and surrounding over the past four decades. there is no collection system and sanitation disposal network in towns and villages within the torghabeh river.  meth...

background : dental unit waterlines (duwls) are ideal nvironment for development of microbial biofilms. microbial contamination of water in duwls is thought to be the result of biofilm formation as it could serves as a haven for pathogens. the aim of this study was to assess microbial quality of water in dental unit waterlines of dental units located at the dental school of isfahan university o...

abstract the results of an integrated study aimed at restoring water quality in a large watershed including seven catchments in north east iran are presented in this paper. this case study demonstrates how landscape metrics reflect direct or surrogate causes of the land use practices that are the determinants of water quality parameters. water quality factors included ec, ph, cl-1, hco3-1, so4-...

this paper examines the relationship between domestic water sources, demand and associated problems in the context of a rapidly increasing household population in nassarawa eggon town, nasarawa state, nigeria. the data for this research were generated using a questionnaire survey of systematically selected households, and analysed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and perc...

background the chemical and physical quality of water used for dialysis fluid is a vital factor in the patients overall care who receive dialysis. therefore, the water used for this purpose must be treated with advanced methods before being used for dialysis. conclusions the evaluation of hemodialysis water quality showed that these hospitals were not significantly polluted and the water qualit...

water quality is a most important factor in areas facing water crisis the survival of which is based upon it. in a determination of water value the factors that should be attended to are: the given volume, specified quality(preservation value), as well as the specific time and place.valuation of water in iran is dependent on types of exploited water resources which include: human consumption(qu...