OBJECTIVE To obtain high-quality high-resolution images of articular cartilage with reduced imaging time, we combined a novel technique of generalized multipoint fat-water separation with three-dimensional (3D) steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The cartilage of 10 knees in five healthy volunteers was imaged with 3D SSFP imaging and a multipoint fat-water separa...

The separation of water from oil that is collected in any oil spill recovery operation is a continuing and necessary requirement during every stage of the effort. Its importance is reflected in the cost of transport and storage of large volumes of oily water, the salvage value of separated oil and the added labor costs associated with long-term recovery operations. This paper addresses the effe...

Cryptosporidium continues to be problematic for the water industry, with risk assessments often indicating that treatment barriers may fail under extreme conditions. However, risk analyses have historically used oocyst densities and not considered either oocyst infectivity or species/genotype, which can result in an overestimation of risk if the oocysts are not human infective. We describe an i...

We demonstrate, on the basis of molecular dynamics simulations, the possibility of an efficient water-ethanol separation using nanoporous carbon membranes, namely, carbon nanotube membranes, nanoporous graphene sheets, and multilayer graphene membranes. While these carbon membranes are in general permeable to both pure liquids, they exhibit a counter-intuitive "self-semi-permeability" to water ...

A unidimensional Thin Layer Chromatography system for the separation of salicylic acid and its derivatives (sulfosalicylic acid and Aspirin) has been developed. The separation was successfully using a solvent system of chloroform-methanol-water-ammonium hydroxide 120:75:6:2 (V/V) as mobile phase on TLC plates impregnated with boric acid. The method is based on different behavior of investigated...

Introduction: IDEAL (Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least squares estimation) has proven to be a robust method to achieve uniform water-fat separation [1]. Recently, it has been adopted in quantitative analysis of adiposity as well [2]. However, the three-point acquisition prolongs the scan time, which leads to increased susceptibility to motion. The presence o...

PURPOSE Conventional fat/water separation techniques require that patients hold breath during abdominal acquisitions, which often fails and limits the achievable spatial resolution and anatomic coverage. This work presents a novel approach for free-breathing volumetric fat/water separation. METHODS Multiecho data are acquired using a motion-robust radial stack-of-stars three-dimensional GRE s...

The separation of dissolved gas including dissolved oxygen can be used in breathing for a human under water. When one is suddenly wrecked or meets a tsunami, one is instantly drowned and cannot breathe under water. To avoid this crisis, when we meet waves, the dissolved gas separated from water by wave is used, while air can be used to breathe when we are about to escape from water. In this the...

AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness of continuous separation channel centrifugation for concentrating Toxoplasma gondii and Cyclospora cayetanensis from drinking water and environmental waters. METHODS AND RESULTS Ready-to-seed vials with known quantities of T. gondii and C. cayetanensis oocysts were prepared by flow cytometry. Oocysts were seeded at densities ranging from 1 to 1000 oocysts l(...

Acetic acid was separated from a dilute mixture using a commercial polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane.  Intrinsic separation characteristics of the membrane were studied as a function of temperature.  The degree of membrane swelling decreased marginally with increase in feed temperature. At 25oC the maximum degree of swelling was found out to be 46.3%, which reduced to 39.5%...