The distribution of daily requirement of water in multi-storeyed semi-urban residential buildings in India involves pumping from the ground level to a reservoir at the top, and gravity feed to all levels below. String diagrams bring out the scope for reduction of unnecessary movement of water. A modified storage arrangement is proposed resulting in a small saving in energy required for water di...

are fitted overhead in the various departments. The number and size of the sprinkler tanks vary according to the requirements of each mill, hut 011 an average each tank is from 30 feet to 60 feet either way, and carries permanently about 6 feet of water. The water is mostly a clean supply derived from the municipal mains, though an emergency connection with the millpond by means of a pump is al...

Throttle surge tanks are a part of high head powerplants. The main consequence of a throttle placement is to introduce head losses by accelerating the flow. They make it possible to manage extreme water levels during mass oscillations while increasing water surge, e.g. water hammer, in the headrace tunnel. This phenomenon happens every time the flow discharge is changed in the waterway. Either ...

Aeration experiments were conducted in two rectangular surface aeration tanks of L/B ratios 1.5 and 2 along with a square tank (L/B=1) to study their relative performance due to shape on oxygen transfer process while re-aerating the same volume of water such that the cross-sectional area of all the three tanks is the same. An identical rotor with six flat blades was used in all the three tanks....

Background During rapid filling of the left ventricle, a vortex ring forms downstream from the mitral valve. Previous experiments in water tanks have shown that vortex ring formation is an optimized method for fluid transport. The rotation of the vortex ring leads to mixing of the inflowing blood and blood that was already in the ventricle (Figure 1). In water tanks, the amount of mixing decrea...

The introduction of aquatic species in resting life stages by the release of ballast water is a less well-known but potentially important invasive species vector. Best-management practices designed to minimize transport of ballast water cannot eliminate this threat, because residual water and sediment are retained in ballast tanks after draining. To evaluate the potential efficacy of chemical t...

irrigation. The idea was to build 100 m of catchment area, and two concrete water storage tanks and irrigate one mu (1/15 hectare) of courtyard land devoted to cash crop production. In practice, the 1-2-1 program focused on building water tanks for household use, with roofs and courtyards serving as the principal catchment surfaces that channel water into the tank. County and township governmen...

Planktivorous fish which limit zooplankton grazing have been predicted to increase algal biodiesel production in wastewater fed open reactors. In addition, tanks with higher algal diversity have been predicted to be more stable, more productive, and to more fully remove nutrients from wastewater. To test these predictions, we conducted a 14-week experiment in Houston, TX using twelve 2,270-L op...

Background: Water quality problems are one of the manifestations of poverty and most developing countries including Ethiopia suffering a lot of health problems associated with consumption of contaminated water. Although communities living in urban areas of Ethiopia have access to piped water supply, cross-contamination in the distribution system and unsafe storage are the major source of water ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Outbreaks of typhoid have been reported from Maharashtra, Bangalore, West Bengal and Pondicherry in India but rarely from Rajasthan. We investigated an outbreak of typhoid in a village of Thar Desert of Rajasthan. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was carried out during May-July 2007 in Varkana village, Pali district, Rajasthan, to identify the risk factor for disea...