the accuracy and effectiveness of precision agriculture is highly depending on accuracy and time analysis of the soil moisture conditions. monitoring of the soil water status is a proper method for optimizing the agricultural irrigation. automation irrigation, based on soil moisture measurement by smart sensors has the potential to provide maximum water use efficiency by maintaining soil moistu...

In this study vapour pressure osmometry was used to determine water activity in the solutions of organic acids. The surface tension of the solutions was also monitored in parallel and then Köhler curves were calculated for nine organic acids (oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, maleic, malic, citric and cis-pinonic). Surface tension depression is negligible for most of the organic acid...

We investigated the effects of hygrothermal aging on the tension–tension fatigue behavior of unidirectional (UD) glass/polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) composites. Samples were immersed in deionized (DI) water and salt water, and glass/epoxy composites were used as a benchmark for comparison. Composites of pDCPD showed less water uptake and superior fatigue performance compared to similarly aged e...

Contrary to the historical data, several recent experiments indicate that the surface tension of supercooled water follows a smooth extrapolation of the IAPWS equation in the supercooled regime. It can be seen, however, that a small deviation from the IAPWS equation is present in the recent experimental measurements. It is shown with simulations using the WAIL water potential that the small dev...

In a previous study (Leighton, Phillips, and Gibbs, 1970), a provocative outflow test using a combination of water drinking (20 ml./kg. body weight) and gutt. homatropine 2 per cent. in 24 open-angle glaucoma suspects caused a significantly greater fall in outflow facility and rise in outflow resistance than either water drinking alone or homatropine alone (0o02 < P < o0os in each case). When a...

In a previous study (Leighton, Phillips, and Gibbs, 1970), a provocative outflow test using a combination of water drinking (20 ml./kg. body weight) and gutt. homatropine 2 per cent. in 24 open-angle glaucoma suspects caused a significantly greater fall in outflow facility and rise in outflow resistance than either water drinking alone or homatropine alone (0o02 < P < o0os in each case). When a...

The properties of water at the nanoscale are crucial in many areas of biology, but the confinement of water molecules in sub-nanometre channels in biological systems has received relatively little attention. Advances in nanotechnology make it possible to explore the role played by water molecules in living systems, potentially leading to the development of ultrasensitive biosensors. Here we sho...

Xylem resistance to water stress-induced cavitation is an important trait that is associated with drought tolerance of plants. The level of xylem cavitation experienced by a plant is often assessed as the percentage loss in conductivity (PLC) at different water potentials. Such measurements are constructed with samples that are excised underwater at native tensions. However, a recent study conc...

Soil wettability is especially important for rainfed agriculture in climates with a dry period during the growing season. The effect of aggregate structure and soil organic C content on wettability of soil aggregates was determined for grassland (grass) and tilled fields (tillage). Soil organic C, plastic limit, aggregate total porosity, and wettability at 100 mm (rapid wetting) and 300 mm (slo...