TRPV1 receptors are activated and/or modulated by noxious heat, capsaicin, protons and other endogenous agents released following tissue injury. There is a growing appreciation that this molecular integrator may also have a role in mechanosensation. To further understand this role, we investigated the systemic and site-specific effects of a selective TRPV1 receptor antagonist, A-889425, on low-...

Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells located on aerial parts of plants and are associated with a wide array of biological processes. Trichomes protect plants from adverse conditions including UV light and herbivore attack and are also an important source of a number of phytochemicals. The simple unicellular trichomes of Arabidopsis serve as an excellent model to study molecular mechanism o...

The moisture load in wall assemblies is typically considered as 1% of the Wind Driving Rain (WDR) that deposited on surface specified ASHRAE-160 standard whereas this ratio has been shown to be inaccurate compared results derived from several watertightness tests. Accurate assessment loads arising WDR can obtained through test during which different levels intensities and Pressures (DRWPs) are ...

Under intact and spinalized conditions, we compared the responses of deep spinal dorsal horn (DH) nociceptive-specific (NS) and wide-dynamic range (WDR) neurons to subcutaneous bee venom (BV, 0.2 mg/50 microl)-induced persistent nociception. In contrast to the monophasic, long-lasting (34-81 min) WDR neuron responses in both intact and spinalized conditions, BV in NS neurons elicited short-term...

Despite a significant drop in malaria deaths during the past decade, malaria continues to be one of the biggest health problems around the globe. WD40 repeats (WDRs) containing proteins comprise one of the largest and functionally diverse protein superfamily in eukaryotes, acting as scaffolds for assembling large protein complexes. In the present study, we report an extensive in silico analysis...

BACKGROUND Orofacial inflammatory pain is likely to accompany referred pain in uninflamed orofacial structures. The ectopic pain precludes precise diagnosis and makes treatment problematic, because the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Using the established ectopic orofacial pain model induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection into trapezius muscle, we analyzed the possib...

Joint contracture, a major complication after casting, usually makes the therapeutic outcome worse by causing a limited range of motion and related pain. We developed rat models of wrist contracture with fracture of the radius (group A) and wrist contracture without fracture (group B), and investigated whether contracture and fracture changed the characteristics of cervical dorsal horn neuronal...

Biancana badlands are peculiar landforms in the Basilicata region of Italy resulting from local combination geological, geomorphological, and climatic settings. The evolution mainly depends on slope erosion, which is controlled by angle, exposure, vegetation its interactions with insolation, rain, wind. Multi-temporal, detailed, high-resolution surveys have led researchers to assess changes slo...

There is a considerable interest in low activation and high heat resistant materials for fusion applications. Tungsten (W) would fulfill these requirements for plasma facing components of future fusion power plants. A novel method developed by SNL to enhance the thermal and dimensional stability of W requires depositing materials such as Re and Mo as a thin coating on the surface of dendritic W...

NOVA is a classification that divides foods into four groups according to processing. Since no questionnaires have been validated assess the consumption of with different levels processing in general adult population, we tested reliability and validity 94-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (NFFQ) designed estimate intake (g/day) weight ratio (%) food Italian adults. Time were by administrating N...