in the present research necessities of instream flow needs (ifn) assessment in the rivers with focusing on delichai river as case study is investigated using the hydro-ecological methods. at first, ifn is assessed using two common approaches of the tennant and wetted perimeter. then considering that rainbow trout is the most important and dominant species in this river, ecological condition of ...

The wetting pattern which occurs under surface drip irrigation is an important component for the optimum design of system and programming. aim this investigation was to devise a model enables estimation 2D cross-sectional area dripper by analytical method. main parameters are diameter on soil surface, maximum wetted depth width in profile, from surface. In laboratory experiments, water applicat...

We explore experimentally the fluidization of vertically agitated polymethylmethacrylate spheres wetted by liquid 4He . By controlling the temperature around the lambda point, we change the properties of the wetting liquid from a normal fluid (helium I) to a superfluid (helium II). For wetting by helium I, the critical acceleration for fluidization (Gamma_{c}) shows a steep increase close to th...

[1] We conducted two laboratory experiments at the meter scale in which water was applied to the top of an initially dry, uncemented wall composed of porous bricks. One experiment (Experiment 1) encouraged evaporation and resulting mineral precipitation, while the other (Experiment 2) was designed to minimize these processes. In both cases, processes acting within the fracture network controlle...

Prompted by the recent striking experimental results reported by Babkin and Hakonen that appeared to show that liquid helium-II does not wet magnesium fluoride, we have examined the effects that an inhomogeneous electrostatic field has on thin films of liquid helium at temperatures below 0.5 K. Our model includes the influence of gravity, surface tension, the electric field and the van der Waal...

Membranes with atomic level pores or constrictions are valuable for separation and catalysis. We report a graphene-based membrane with an interlayer spacing of 3.7 angstrom (Å). When graphene oxide nanoplates are functionalized and then reduced, the laminated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoplates or functionalized rGO membrane is little affected by an intercalated fluid, and the interlayer sp...

Collapsible loess is a kind of soil with special properties, and widely distributed in China. When it not wetted by water, its strength generally high compressibility low. However, when collapsible water under certain pressure, the structure will be rapidly destroyed, resulting large additional subsidence. Therefore, engineering constructions on sites are carried out, appropriate foundation tre...