Neural machine translation (NMT) has been a new paradigm in machine translation, and the attention mechanism has become the dominant approach with the state-of-the-art records in many language pairs. While there are variants of the attention mechanism, all of them use only temporal attention where one scalar value is assigned to one context vector corresponding to a source word. In this paper, ...

Current understanding of litterfall and fine root dynamics in temperate forests is limited, even though these are the major contributors to carbon and nutrient cycling in the ecosystems. In this study, we investigated litterfall and fine root biomass and production in five deciduous and four coniferous forests at the Gwangneung Experimental Forest in Korea. We used ingrowth cores to measure fin...

Naturalness bounds on weak scale supersymmetry in the context of radiative breaking of the electro-weak symmetry are analyzed. In the case of minimal supergravity it is found that for low tanβ and for low values of fine tuning Φ, where Φ is defined essentially by the ratio μ/M Z where μ is the Higgs mixing parameter and MZ is the Z boson mass, the allowed values of the universal scalar paramete...

We evaluate the relic density of neutralinos in the minimal supergravity (mSUGRA) model. All 2 → 2 neutralino annihilation diagrams, as well as all initial states involving sleptons, charginos, neutralinos, and third generation squarks are included. Relativistic thermal averaging of the velocity times cross sections is performed. We find that co-annihilation effects are only important on the ed...

At present a handful of comparisons have been made of different variants of worked examples and tutored problem solving. There is some evidence to report a benefit of adding worked examples (WE) to current tutored problem solving (TPS) environments. Our research investigated how a “pure” WE condition could compete with a TPS condition. By pure we mean the WE condition does not include tutoring,...

Outer joins are extended relational algebra operations intended to deal with unknown information represented with null values. This work shows an approach to embed both null values and outer join operations in the deductive database system DES (Datalog Educational System), which uses Datalog as a query language. This system also supports SQL, where views and queries are compiled to Datalog prog...

An attack on the implementation of control vectors in the IBM Common Cryptographic Architecture is presented. The final key−part holder in a multiple part import introduces two key−encrypting keys (KEKs), one the intended key and one with a chosen difference from the former, by including this difference in his own key part. When this difference is set to the difference between two control vecto...