The wheel-lock (WL) model for depressed ambulatory activity in rats has shown metabolic maladies ensuing within 53-173 h after WL begins. We sought to determine if WL beginning after 21-23 days of voluntary running in growing female Wistar rats affected the mRNA profile in the polyribosomal fraction from plantaris muscle shortly following WL. In experiment 1, WL occurred at 0200 and muscles wer...

Languaging—that is, using language to mediate thinking, orally or in writing—facilitates second (L2) learning. As languaging requires the deliberate, analytical action of L2 learners, learners with higher aptitude are likely benefit more from than those lower aptitude. Thus, this study investigated extent which mediates effects written (WL) on Pre-intermediate Japanese university students were ...

We have studied EEG-derived metrics of Workload (WL) and Engagement (E) as students developed and refined their problem solving approaches to determine the degree to which these are modulated as problem solving experience is gained. The problem solving tasks (IMMEXTM) used for these studies were a series of science and mathematics online simulations designed for middle school students. Comparis...

The humerus is often used to assess skeletal health in laying hens. It usually contains an airsac in the central cavity, but studies have demonstrated that the humeri of some hens do contain medullary bone. This study used radiographs to compare the incidence of increased radiodensity in the central cavity of humeri between lines of highproducing non-commercial laying hens. Hens of six lines (n...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cervical preflaring on the determination of the first file that binds at working length (WL) in buccal roots of maxillary premolars. Five groups (n=10) were formed at random and, after standard access cavities, the WL was determined 1 mm short from the apex. In group 1, the initial apical file was inserted without preflaring of cervi...

Muscle tissue samples were obtained from vastus lateralis muscle of elite weight/power lifters (WL/ PL, n = 8), endurance athletes (EA, n = 8), and nonathletes (NA, n = 8). Histochemical stainings for myofibrillar ATPase, NADH-tetrazolium reductase, and amylase-periodic acid-Schiff, respectively, were undertaken to assess relative distribution of fast-twitch (FT) and slow-twitch (ST) muscle fib...

Introduction: Although there is evidence that hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-based transurethral bladder tumor resection (TURBT) improves the detection of Ta-T1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) as well as carcinoma in situ there is uncertainty about its beneficial effects on progression. Material and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA statement to ...

BACKGROUND Splitting a liver for utilization in adult/pediatric recipients has been shown to decrease mortality on the wait list without increasing the overall risk of long-term graft failure compared to a whole graft. However, splitting a single donor organ for two adult recipients, full-right-full-left split liver transplantation (FRFLSLT), to overcome organ shortage is still considered contr...

OBJECTIVE Aim of the present study was to evaluate the retreatability and reestablishment of apical patency of two calcium silicate-based sealers, TotalFill BC Sealer (BCS) and mineral trioxide aggregate Fillapex (MTA F), versus AH Plus, when used in combination with Gutta-percha (GP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The canals of 54 single-rooted anterior teeth were instrumented and filled with GP/AH ...

The North Sea shrimp Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758) has seasonal dimorphism in egg size, with larger winter eggs and smaller summer eggs. In the laboratory, we compared the tolerance of nutritional stress in Zoea I larvae hatching from the different types of eggs (referred to as ‘winter larvae’, WL, and ‘summer larvae’, SL, respectively). Starvation tolerance was quantified as median point-of...