A positive correlation has been reported recently among the number of Chronic Kidney Disease Unknown Etiology (CKDu) patients and levels groundwater hardness. Hence, need for a low cost simple domestic process to reduce hardness potable water is identified improve living standards low-income communities in these disease affected areas. Biochar emerged as adsorbent treatment, because its abundan...

Three types of nuruk were made from rice, wheat, and a rice-glasswort (6:4) mixture. Nuruk, makgeolli, and vinegar were manufactured with rice nuruk (RN), wheat nuruk (WN), and rice-glasswort nuruk (RGN). The saccharifying activity and ethanol productivity of nuruk, polyphenol content in makgeolli, and acetic acid and polyphenol content in the vinegar were increased as the result of the additio...

PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of the vinegar, which is made of 4-year-old mountain-cultivated ginseng ripened into 4-year-matured persimmon vinegar, on the blood lipids level and inflammatory cytokines concentration in obese female adolescents. METHODS Subjects ingested the vinegar, so-called 'mountain-cultivated ginseng persimmon vinegar (MPV)', without meals every day for 6 wee...

The effect of various household sanitizers including water, water acidified with white vinegar (1.5%), vinegar and lemon juice were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing counts of Salmonella typhimurium on rocket and lettuce leaves. Treating rocket and lettuce samples with water containing 1.5% vinegar for 30 min or washing with water (at 28C) for 5 min showed negligible reduction in pa...

A 39-year-old woman drank one tablespoon of white vinegar in order to 'soften' crab shell stuck in her throat. Endoscopy revealed inflammation of the oropharynx and second-degree caustic injury of the oesophagus extending to the cardia. She had an uneventful recovery. This case report confirmed that vinegar could cause ulcerative injury to the oropharynx and oesophagus. The folklore application...