By replacement it is meant the substitution of one or more occurrences of a formula with an equivalent one. In automated deduction this can be useful to reduce the search space. In tableau calculi for classical and modal logics this technique is known as simplification and consists in replacing a formula with a logical constant (> or ⊥). Recently, this idea has been applied to Intuitionistic Lo...

Surface models containing billions of polygons are becoming more frequent in computer graphics. Mesh simplification is necessary for displaying such surfaces at interactive rates. We describe a novel method for simplifying polyhedral meshes while producing multiple levels of detail for progressive transmission and interactive exploration. Unlike previous work on mesh simplification, our method ...

We propose a new method for evaluating the readability of simplified sentences through pair-wise ranking. The validity of the method is established through incorpus and cross-corpus evaluation experiments. The approach correctly identifies the ranking of simplified and unsimplified sentences in terms of their reading level with an accuracy of over 80%, significantly outperforming previous resul...

In this paper, we explore statistical machine translation (SMT) approaches to automatic text simplification (ATS) for Spanish. First, we compare the performances of the standard phrase-based (PB) and hierarchical (HIERO) SMT models in this specific task. In both cases, we build two models, one using the TS corpus with “light” simplifications and the other using the TS corpus with “heavy” simpli...

In this paper, we examine children stories and propose a text simplification system to automatically generate simpler versions of the stories and, therefore, make them easier to understand for children, especially ones with difficulty in reading comprehension. Our system learns simplifications from limited data built from a small repository of short English stories for children and can perform ...

Lexical Simplification is the task of replacing individual words of a text with words that are easier to understand, so that the text as a whole becomes easier to comprehend, e.g. by people with learning disabilities or by children who learn to read. Although this seems like a straightforward task, evaluating algorithms for this task is not so. The problem is how to build a dataset that provide...

Natural Language Processing Tools for Reading Level Assessment and Text Simplification for Bilingual Education

Analysis of long sentences are source of problems in advanced applications such as machine translation. With the aim of solving these problems in advanced applications, we have analysed long sentences of two corpora written in Standard Basque in order to make syntactic simplification. The result of this analysis leads us to design a proposal to produce shorter sentences out of long ones. In ord...

In this pa per we present an automatic text simplification system for Spanish which intends to make texts more accessible for users with cognitive disabilities. This system aims at reducing the structural complexity of Spanish sentences in that it converts complex sentences in two or more simple sentences and therefore reduces reading difficulty.

Lexical Simplification consists in replacing complex words in a text with simpler alternatives. We introduce LEXenstein, the first open source framework for Lexical Simplification. It covers all major stages of the process and allows for easy benchmarking of various approaches. We test the tool’s performance and report comparisons on different datasets against the state of the art approaches. T...