Firstly, Britain was alarmed by the French ambition of Napoleon III. After the Crimean War in 1859, Britain preferred a strong Italy to counter-balance France. On the other hand, she was also sympathetic to Italy. So she gave diplomatic support to Piedmont by proposing a plebiscite in the central duchies and warned Austria and France not to give support to the rulers of central Italy. This led ...

In the last two decades, the World Wide Web and subsequent associated developments (e.g., widely available computers, broadband, Web 2.0, the Internet of Things) have shaped old and created new modes of business, management, communication and governance. The implications for modern societies are deemed so important that some sociologists dub the current era the Digital Age (e.g., Orton-Johnson ...

This article traces the history of the Out-patient Services from its humble beginnings in the late 19th Century to just after World War II. The class of patients catered for, the disease pattern, the work done and benefits accrued are recorded.

South African popular movement analysts and activists participating in African and international civil society meetings on the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and other multilateral institutions, such as the IMF and the World Bank, are frequently faced with troubled and troubling questions about the position that the South African government has taken, and what is seen to be the highly questiona...

The reports and studies of large numbers of cases of traumatic haemothorax, both during the 1939-45 war and at its termination, were of value from two points of view: they were immediately reflected in the treatment of patients, and they provided a record of developing treatment, which will enable future generations of physicians and surgeons to start where those of 1945 left off, should the ne...

JOHN LADA and FRANK A. REISTER (editors), Medical statistics in World War II, Washington D.C., Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, 1975, 8vo, pp. xvii, 1215, illus., $19.50. In World War II American troops were deployed in eight theatres, forming the largest force ever mobilized by the nation. This book contains, in 1129 pages of tables, the data concerning the battle casualt...

Despite the 1989 ivory trade ban, elephants continue to be killed to harvest their tusks for ivory. Since 2008, this poaching has increased to unprecedented levels driven by consumer demand for ivory products. CITES is now considering the development of a legal ivory trade [1, 2]. The proposal relies on three assumptions: (1) harvest regulation will cease all illegal activities, (2) defined sus...

Epidemiology as a discipline is made unique by the combination of a way of looking at things—the theory and methods of population studies—and the subject of its studies, states of health. In my view, what distinguishes the present era from the past are the concepts which guide epidemiologists. It is not so much the particulars of their discoveries about states of health as a change in theories ...

IN THE FIRST DECADES of the 20th century, American scientists studying and working overseas outnumbered foreign scientists working in the United States. But after World War II, the United States began its rise toward global scientific leadership, partly because of an influx of scientists fleeing Nazism or Communism and partly because the country largely escaped the ravages of war. The United St...

THIS article is a condensation of two reports (2, 5) prepared by National Defense Research Committee Project N-io6 during World War II under the direction of Harold Gulliksen, Project Director. The summary is presented with no thought that the particular test under consideration is of unusual interest, but rather to illustrate several methods of test construction and validation which are unique...