OBJECTIVE This randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, two parallel group study was conducted to assess the beneficial effect of injection of botulinum toxin A (Dysport) into the subscapularis muscle on shoulder pain in stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia. METHODS A single dose of botulinum toxin A (500 Speywood units) or placebo was injected into the subcapularis muscle. Pain was a...

PURPOSE To evaluate velocity waveforms in muscle and to create a tool and algorithm for computing and analyzing muscle inertial forces derived from 2D phase contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS PC MRI was performed in the forearm of four healthy volunteers during 1 Hz cycles of wrist flexion-extension as well as in the lower leg of six healthy volunteers durin...

BACKGROUND OnabotulinumtoxinA has demonstrated significant benefit in adult focal spasticity. This study reviews the injection patterns (i.e., muscle distribution, dosing) of onabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of adult spasticity, as reported in published studies. METHODS A systematic review of clinical trials and observational studies published between 1990 and 2011 reporting data on muscles i...

Carpal/Wrist instability is the result of a large variety of conditions. Any alteration of the shape of the wrist bones or the connections between them can affect the dynamic balance of forces and the wrists unique multiplane movements. Sensorimotor function is a term used to describe sensory, motor and central processes pertaining to joint stability. Wrist joint proprioception and sensorimotor...

This study compared the effect of repetitive work in thermoneutral and cold conditions on forearm muscle electromyogram (EMG) and fatigue. We hypothesize that cold and repetitive work together cause higher EMG activity and fatigue than repetitive work only, thus creating a higher risk for overuse injuries. Eight men performed six 20-min work bouts at 25 degrees C (W-25) and at 5 degrees C while...

In humans, propriospinal neurons located at midcervical levels receive peripheral and corticospinal inputs and probably participate in the control of grip tasks, but their role in reaching movements, as observed in cats and primates, is still an open question. The effect of ulnar nerve stimulation on flexor carpi radialis (FCR) motor evoked potential (MEP) was tested during reaching tasks and t...

BACKGROUND Guillain-Barriota syndrome (GBS) is an acute neurological illness affecting the peripheral nervous system causing significant morbidity. The syndrome has been classified electrophysiologically into demyelinating and axonal forms. The clinical features of the axonal variant (acute motor axonal neuropathy--AMAN) are not well characterized, particularly in the Indian context. OBJECTIV...

myopathy affecting proximal and distal musculature with typical onset of symptoms after age 50 years. Inclusion body myositis more often affects males and results in a classical pattern of early asymmetric weakness and wasting of forearm flexors (wrist and long finger flexors), quadriceps and ankle dorsiflexors. Inclusion body myositis is more frequently associated with a monoclonal gammopathy ...

1. Torque-step perturbations were applied to flex or extend the wrists of normal human subjects. The electromyographic activity (EMG) of two of the stretched muscles, flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis, was monitored. 2. Based on functional characteristics and temporal bursting patterns, the EMG responses were partitioned into four distinct temporal intervals : 30-60, 60-120, 120...

‘ ‘ Prevention is better than cure ‘ ‘ is a maxim with particular application to \‘olkmann’s contracture. But in spite of the advances which have been made in preventive measures in recent years-particularly since traumatic arterial spasm has become generally recognised as an important causative factor-one still meets the occasional case of fulls’ developed contracture of the flexor muscles in ...