Writers ensure the expected (re)construction of concepts in the mind of the audience through effective signposting of the inevitably linear linguistic stream, which is a main aspect of metadiscourse called interactive metadiscourse. In this study, the use of interactive metadiscourse markers in research articles was investigated to examine any probable difference existing between different disc...

Several novels have appeared after the September 11 attacks whichdeal directly or indirectly with the effect of the event on individuals, both insideand outside of the United States. Though, the novels often claim to deal withthe post- traumatic aftermath of the incident, the writers regularly use Orientaliststereotyping and it seems that after 9/11 this attitude toward Muslims has hardenedand ...

Studying the share of women in historical avant-garde movements, Susan Rubin Suleiman (1990) supported Marguerite Duras's assessment writers as being “doubly intolerable” – since they do not correspond to usual revolutionary point view or that women. introduced concept double margin refer problem critical and reception women’s writing. Since procedures marginalisation poetics can be observed di...

Writing is analyzed as thinking that uses paper or other media to externalize and manipulate symbolic expressions. Mental operations of natural language can occur somewhat independently, and they communicate well with language that has been written, but for skilled writing these operations need elaborate installation in the mind. We explore four methods to see how expert writers externalize tho...

The view that academic writing is purely objective, impersonal and informational, which is often reflected in English for Academic Purposes materials, has been criticized by a number of researchers. By now, the view of academic writing as embodying interaction among writers, readers and the academic community as a whole has been established. Following this assumption, the present study focused ...

My mind is similar to an Internet search engine that searches for photographs. I use language to narrate the photo-realistic pictures that pop up in my imagination. When I design equipment for the cattle industry, I can test run it in my imagination similar to a virtual reality computer program. All my thinking is associative and not linear. To form concepts, I sort pictures into categories sim...

Roll Over Protective Structures (ROPS) are safety devices fitted to heavy vehicles to provide protection to the operator during an accidental roll over. At present, ROPS design standards require full scale destructive testing which can be expensive, time consuming and unsuitable for small companies. More economical analytical methods are not permitted due to a lack of understanding on post yiel...

A question arising out of the late 80’s about computation systems was could machines be intelligent without emotions ([Minsky 1988]). It seems that the machines of today are not only inhuman but also behave stupidly. Studies by psychologists have shown that humans who lack the emotional features usually used by many aspects of human reasoning do not behave intelligently [Damasio 1994]. This the...