Lens development provides a good model system for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying embryonic induction and morphogenesis. Members of the large Maf family of transcription factors, L-Maf and c-Maf, have been shown to play key roles in chick and mouse lens development. Here we report identification of two Xenopus maf genes, XmafB and XL-maf, which exhibit unique temporal and ...

Taxol and other antimitotic agents are frontline chemotherapy agents but the mechanisms responsible for patient benefit remain unclear. Following a genome-wide siRNA screen, we identified the oncogenic transcription factor Myc as a taxol sensitizer. Using time-lapse imaging to correlate mitotic behavior with cell fate, we show that Myc sensitizes cells to mitotic blockers and agents that accele...

Rituximab (Rituxan, IDEC-C2B8) has been shown to sensitize non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cell lines to chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis. Rituximab treatment of Bcl-2-deficient Ramos cells and Bcl-2-expressing Daudi cells selectively decreases Bcl-(xL) expression and sensitizes the cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. This study delineates the signaling pathway involved in rituximab-medi...

B cells play a pathogenic or regulatory role in many autoimmune diseases through production of autoantibodies, cytokine production, and Ag presentation. However, the mechanisms that regulate these B cell functions under different autoimmune settings remain unclear. In the current study, we found that when B cells overexpress an antiapoptotic gene, Bcl(XL), they significantly increased productio...

Hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) is characterized by a cell death response with features of apoptosis and necrosis that is inhibited by IL-11 and other interventions. We hypothesized that Bfl-1/A1, an antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein, is a critical regulator of HALI and a mediator of IL-11-induced cytoprotection. To test this, we characterized the expression of A1 and the oxygen susceptibility of ...

The intracellular balance between pro- and antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 gene family is thought to regulate cell death. Targeted disruption of bcl-x, a death repressing member, causes massive cell death of immature neurons in the developing mouse CNS, whereas targeted disruption of bax, a proapoptotic member, blocks the death of specific populations of sympathetic and motor neurons. In the...

We have previously demonstrated the expression of GATA-DNA-binding protein (GATA)-3, a transcription factor, in osteoblasts and have verified its function in transducing cell survival signaling. This translational study was further designed to evaluate the roles of GATA-3 in regulating bone healing and to explore its possible mechanisms. A metaphyseal bone defect was created in the left femurs ...

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is more likely to develop into extremely large-scale RIS (XL-RIS) efficiently boost the system capacity for future 6G communications. Beam training an effective way acquire channel state information (CSI) XL-RIS. Existing beam schemes rely on far-field codebook. However, due large aperture of XL-RIS, scatters are be in near-field region The codebook mism...

We begin by pointing out that, under this setup, it is without loss of generality to assume that the Voter ‘knows’ the Legislator’s random variable xl : Ω → R. To see this, let x∗v : Ω → R and xl : Ω → R be the actual random variables of the Voter and Legislator. Append to the game a set of mappings xl : Ω → R, viz. Xl, where Xl is a metric space. Also, append to the game a (transparent) prior ...

We investigate the correlation between the glycosylation modified prion proteins and apoptosis. The wild-type PRNP gene and four PRNP gene glycosylated mutants were transiently expressed in HeLa cells. The effect of apoptosis induced by PrP mutants was confirmed by MTT assay, Hochest staining, Annexin-V staining and PI staining. ROS test detected ROS generation within the cells. The mitochondri...