The legacy of planetary X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) began in 1960 when W. Parish proposed an XRD instrument for deployment on the moon. The instrument was built and flight qualified, but the Lunar XRD program was cancelled shortly before the first human landing in 1969. XRF chemical data have been collected in situ by surface landers on Mars (Viking 1 & 2, Pathfinder) a...

Introduction: Coring tools have been used effectively on the Moon, but to date no such tools have been used on any other extraterrestrial surface. The lunar experience includes both manual (Apollo) and robotic (Luna) systems. These coring systems were concerned primarily with acquiring samples from depth for return to Earth or for the creation of instrument emplacement holes (e.g., heat probes)...

[1] The behavior of synthetic-powdered 57Fe-enriched enstatite (Mg0.980Fe0.020(5))(Mg0.760Fe0.240)Si2O6 has been explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS). The Pbca-structured enstatite sample was compressed in fine pressure increments for our independent XRD measurements. One structural transition between 10.1 and 12.2 GPa has been identified f...

Manganese doped nanocrystalline willemite powder phosphors Zn(2-x)Mn(x)SiO(4) (0.1<or=x<or=0.5) have been synthesized by a low-temperature initiated, self-propagating, gas producing solution combustion process. The phosphors have been characterized by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elec...

A nondestructive integrated CT-XRD method has been developed and used to study hydrated cement system. In this research, a beam line (BL) at the third-generation synchrotron radiation facility, SPring-8, in Japan, was used. First, X-ray computed tomography (CT) was employed to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images and select a region of interest (ROI) in a given plane section of the hardened cem...

Single crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires have been grown on Si (100) substrates by a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process at temperatures in the range 850-950 °C in an inert atmosphere. The VLS-grown ZnO nanowires have been characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron mi...

Magnetoelectric multiferroic thin films exhibit coupled ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity. Interest in these multiferroics stems from their potential applications in spin-based computing and novel information storage methods. Through characterization with x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), the growth of multiferroic films with mole...

The crystalline structures of the superionic high-temperature copper selenides Cu(2-x)Se (0 < x < 0.25) produced using mechanical alloying were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The measured XRD patterns showed the presence of peaks corresponding to the crystalline superionic high-temperature alpha-Cu(2)Se phase in the as-milled sample, and its structural data were determined by means...