The local evanescent array coupled (LEAC) chip-scale sensor is demonstrated for rapid detection of benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) in water at sub-ppm concentrations with minimal sample preparation. BTX analytes are found to concentrate into the chip’s Teflon AF upper cladding sensing region, causing an increase in refractive index, which modulates evanescent coupling into the chip’s integra...

The reactions of electronically excited carbon atoms, C(D), with ethylene and propylene were studied at three collision energies between 48 and 104 kJmol employing the crossed molecular beam technique. Forward-convolution fitting of our data combined with electronic structure calculations suggests that the reactions proceed via stripping dynamics. Extremely short-lived allene and 1,2-butadiene ...

A gas chromatographic method has been developed to determine the following metabolites in urine simultaneously if necessary: hippuric acid from toluene or styrene; 3- and 4-methyl hippuric acids from xylenes; phenylglyoxylic acid and mandelic acid from styrene. Heptadecanoic acid is added to the urine as an internal standard and after ethyl acetate extraction from acidic solution, the trimethyl...

An analytical method has been developed and validated for the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) using gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry (GC IT MS ID) with isotope dilution. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were always lower than 5 and 15 ug/g, respectively. The linear correlation coefficients were always greater than 0...

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of reaction pressure on the toluene disproportionation reaction using ZSM-5 zeolite based catalyst impregnated with molybdenum. Results showed that there is a marked difference in toluene conversion and xylenes selectivity using nitrogen and hydrogen carrier gases and the reaction pressure. Toluene conversion under nitrogen pressure was higher than u...

Significant selective enrichments of mutants defective in catabolic pathways can be achieved by exposure of pseudomonad cells to halogenated analogs of growth substrates. Between 3 and 95% of viable clones rescued from such enrichments have been defective in specific catabolic pathways. This has been demonstrated for eight different catabolic pathways for aromatic compounds in pseudomonads, in ...

The quest for renewable and cleaner energy sources to meet the rapid population and economic growth is more urgent than ever before. Being the most abundant carbon source in the atmosphere of Earth, CO2 can be used as an inexpensive C1 building block in the synthesis of aromatic fuels for internal combustion engines. We designed a process capable of synthesizing benzene, toluene, xylenes and me...

Molecular engineering in macrocyclic materials like metallophthalocyanines (MPc) is a powerful strategy to tune the thin film properties that can be relevant develop high performance gas sensors. In this context, present work reports enhancement BTX sensing of MPc-based quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors through exploiting large surface area tertiary-butyl (ttb) substituent grafted at pe...

A total of 443 pelvic nerve afferent fibers in the L6 dorsal root of the rat were identified by electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve; 319 (72%) were myelinated A delta fibers with a mean conduction velocity (CV) of 11.8 m/s and 124 (28%) were unmyelinated C fibers with mean CV of 1.9 m/s. Two hundred fifty-two fibers (57%) responded to noxious urinary bladder distension (UBD; 80 mmHg); 10...