In this research, temporal trends and change points in heating degree-days (HDD), cooling (CDD), their simultaneous combination (HDD + CDD) were analysed for a 60-year period (1960–2019) Iran. The results show that less than 20% of the study stations had significant (either upward or downward) HDD time series, while more 80% increasing CDD series. Abrupt changes series mostly occurred early 198...

We estimate the development effects of electrification across Brazil over the period 1960–2000. We simulate a time series of hypothetical electricity grids for Brazil for the period 1960–2000 that show how the grid would have evolved had infrastructure investments been made based solely on geography-based cost considerations. Using the model as an instrument, we document large positive effects ...

in this study, the artificial neural networks (anns) and regression models were used to downscale the simulated outputs of the general circulation models (gcms). the simulated precipitation for 25.18 º n to 34.51 º n and 45 º e to 60 º e, geopotential height at 850 mb and zonal wind at 200 mb for 12.56° n to 43.25° n and 19.68° e to 61.87° e data sets as the predictors were extracted from echam...

Only scant information is available on the long-term consequences to respiratory health of treatment with bronchodilators and oral corticosteroids. In the present study, we aimed to gain more information about these consequences. We examined 712 men working in the Paris area, by means of a subjective assessment of whether their respiratory health worsened or improved from 1960 to 1972, the decl...

Data have been collected and physical and statistical models have been constructed to estimate unknown occupational radiation doses among 90,000 members of the U.S. Radiologic Technologists cohort who responded to a baseline questionnaire during the mid-1980s. Since the availability of radiation dose data differed by calendar period, different models were developed and applied for years worked ...

Climate variation and human activities are commonly recognized as two major factors affecting basin hydrology. However, quantifying their individual effect on runoff is challenging. In this study, long-term (1960–2009) river discharge and weather data in the Songhua River Basin (SRB, 556,800 km2), Northeast China, were gathered to separate the impacts of climate variation and human activities o...

Esophageal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors in China. This study aimed to examine the temporal trend of esophageal cancer mortality rates during the period 1987-2009 in both rural and urban settings and to detect the effects of year of death and year of birth on the trends using joinpoint regression analysis and an age-period-cohort model. Age-standardized mortality...

Extreme wave value analysis under uncertainty scenarios was developed to estimate climate characteristics at 17 stations in southwestern European coast off the Iberian Peninsula. A comprehensive dataset downscaled with Wave Watch III (WWIII) model by Meteogalicia MarRisk Project used considering results of models from Coupled Model Intercomparison 5 (CMIP5). Descriptive statistics for significa...

BACKGROUND To study the mortality pattern of Norwegian doctors, people in human service occupations, other graduates and the general population during the period 1960-2000 by decade, gender and age. The total number of deaths in the study population was 1 583 559. METHODS Census data from 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990 relating to education were linked to data on 14 main causes of death from Stati...

In a 20-year longitudinal study on ectopic pregnancy in a defined population of women aged 15-39 years the rate of ectopic pregnancy per 1000 diagnosed conceptions increased from 5.8 during 1960-4 to 11.1 during 1975-9. The mean annual incidence of ectopic pregnancy per 1000 women increased from 0.6 to 1.2 during the same period. The numbers of ectopic pregnancies per 1000 diagnosed conceptions...