Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria use a type III secretion system to translocate a suite of effector proteins into the cytosol of host cells. Within the cell, type III effectors subvert host cellular processes to suppress immune responses and promote pathogen growth. Numerous type III effectors of plant and animal bacterial pathogens have been identified to date, yet only a few of them are...

clustering of biological networks and gene expression data. Bioinformatics, 2002. comprehensive two-hybrid analysis to explore the yeast protein interac-tome. Toward a protein-protein interaction map of the budding yeast: A comprehensive system to examine two-hybrid interactions in all possible combinations between the yeast proteins. Proc.

We report the introduction of functional RNA molecules into yeast spheroplasts. Plasmids containing the firefly luciferase coding region were transcribed to yield RNAs suitable for introduction into yeast cells and direct assay of their translation products. The 5' noncoding regions of the RNAs were derived either from the 5' noncoding regions of firefly luciferase, poliovirus, or yeast virus-l...