BACKGROUND Occupational Cancer Monitoring (OCCAM) is an Italian organization that monitors occupational cancers, by area and industrial sector, by retrieving cases and employment history from official databases. OCCAM previously estimated a relative risk (RR) of lung cancer of about 1.32 among "metal treatment" workers in Lombardy, northern Italy, potentially exposed to chrome and nickel. In th...

Arsenic (As) toxicity in soil and water is an increasing menace around the globe. Its concentration both in soil and environment is due to natural and anthropogenic activities. Rising arsenic concentrations in groundwater is alarming due to the health risks to plants, animals, and human beings. Anthropogenic As contamination of soil may result from mining, milling, and smelting of copper, lead,...

Zinc, an essential trace element, is the second most abundant metal in the human body that plays a vital role in numerous biological processes, such as peptide synthesis, DNA synthesis, RNA transcription, metabolism of cells, metalloenzyme regulation, and neurophysiology, and it also induces the formation of b-amyloid, which is related to neurological function. More than 100 enzymes, such as pe...

Copper electrodeposition in high-aspect-ratio through-holes micromachined by deep reactive ion etching is one of the most essential processes for fabricating through-wafer interconnects, which will be used in developing future generation high-speed, compact 3D microelectronic devices. Although copper electrodeposition is a well-established process, completely void-free electroplating in very de...

A metal electrode is a significant component of zinc–air battery (ZAB), but the material usually not elastic, which severely restricts application flexible and stretchable ZABs in field wearable electronic devices. Herein, we report metal-coated textile prepared by dynamic stretching–electroplating based on wavy spandex substrate. Benefiting from unique woven structure, shows high stretchabilit...

Aqueous rechargeable batteries have received widespread attention due to their excellent power density, simple manufacturing process, and inexpensive electrolyte. Iron-ion are expected meet the goals of high safety, low cost, non-toxicity pursued in field batteries. However, passivation, parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), electroplating efficiency (50%-70%) limit improvement electroch...

In acute toxicity (96 hr) experiment the fingerlings of freshwater fish Labeo rohita was exposed to tannery, electroplating and textile mill effluents. The LC0 and LC50 concentrations were 15% and 20% for tannery effluents, 3% and 6% for electroplating effluents and 18% and 22% for textile mill effluents respectively. It was found that, electroplating effluent was more toxic than tannery and te...