2 Table of Contents Literature Review 1. Facet joint and pain 4 a) Facet joints 4 b) Cervical facet and pain 5 c) Lumbar facet and pain 7 2. Whole-body vibration and pain 8 3. Integrated stress response 8 4. Reactive oxygen species 12 5. References 13 Manuscript Introduction 20 Material and Methods 21 Results 24 Discussion 30 Conclusion 36 References 36 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express...

OBJECTIVES To redefine and comment on terms on a pathological basis, in order to avoid the confusion due to the use of terms with different meanings, to standardise usage among clinicians, radiologists and pathologists, and to facilitate literature searches. METHODS Within the Committee of Pathology of the European League against Rheumatism, a study group was set up to analyse the medical lit...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to quantify lumbar zygapophyseal (Z) joint space separation (gapping) in low back pain (LBP) subjects after spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) or side-posture positioning (SPP). METHODS This was a controlled mechanisms trial with randomization and blinding. Acute LBP subjects (N = 112; four n = 28 magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] protocol groups) had 2 M...

Introduction. Spinal schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors. Completely extradural schwannomas of the lumbar spine are extremely rare lesions, accounting for only 0,7-4,2% of all spinal NSTs. Standard open approaches have been used to treat these tumors, requiring extensive muscle dissection, laminectomy, radical foraminotomy, and facetectomy. In this paper the authors present the case of a...

Sauropods are often imagined to have held their heads high atop necks that ascended in a sweeping curve that was formed either intrinsically because of the shape of their vertebrae, or behaviorally by lifting the head, or both. Their necks are also popularly depicted in life with poses suggesting avian flexibility. The grounds for such interpretations are examined in terms of vertebral osteolog...

The orientation of the superior articular processes in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae differs. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible mechanism for the change from a posterolaterally facing superior articular surface in the thoracic region to a posteromedially facing curved articular surface in the lumbar region. The material of the study consisted of dry macerated bones of...

Pain in the thoracic region of the spine is a common complaint, which can be as disabling as cervical and lumbar pain (Edmonston & Singer 1997). There are reports in the literature of presentations involving acute cervical ‘locked facet joints’ as well as acute lumbar ‘locked facet joints’ (Maitland 1978; Exelby 2001). Although there are a multitude of conditions that can arise from the thoraci...

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to discuss the conservative care used to treat a female collegiate volleyball player with acute costochondritis. CLINICAL FEATURES A 21-year-old collegiate volleyball player had right anterior chest pain and midthoracic stiffness of 8 months duration. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME High-velocity, low-amplitude manipulation was performed to the associated hypokin...