cet article a étudié le statut et les modalités de l'intervention des événements historiques dans la création de l’œuvre très célèbre de louis aragon, le fou d'elsa. nous y avons tout d’abord donné une définition des deux genres, poème et prose, pour voir à quel genre appartient cet ouvrage. après avoir expliqué le phénomène de l'hétérogénéité générique de l’ouvrage, on a vu comment l’auteur a ...

tout visiteur de l'iran contemporain y note l'intérêt constant porté à l' œuvre littéraire du comte de gobineau (1816-1882), appréciée par les raffinés de tout temps, et tenue ; au contraire, en mépris par nos gens qui se refusent à en prendre connaissance pour des raisons idéologiques, -dont la relation privilégiée avec  son contemporain à peine plus âgé, richard wagner (1813-18...

I describe the challenges involved in designing and evaluating high assurance, verifiable voting systems. I describe the Pret a Voter scheme that provides voterverifiablity with minimal trust in officials, software etc. I also describe a number of threats against voting schemes and the extent to which they apply to the basic Pret a Voter scheme. Some enhancements to the scheme designed to count...

We argue that, since activities providing political information are complementary with leisure, increased labor market activity should lower voter turnout, doing so least in elections with ubiquitous information. Using county-level data, we find that increased wages and employment: reduce gubernatorial turnout; do not affect Presidential turnout; and raise the share of persons casting a Preside...

Electronic voting has found wider acceptance both in developed and developing countries in the recent past. The current research focuses mainly in the area of privacy and security aspects of e-voting. In spite of the good security and privacy features, the existing e-voting protocols remain useful only to small elections or just to support the conventional voting, mainly because of their high c...

Coercion-resistance is one of the key requirements of voting systems as it prevents an outsider from trying to persuade the voter to vote in a certain way. Although it usually implies receipt-freeness [15], it is usually formalised as a stronger property [23]. In this paper we analyse two voting schemes for coercion-resistance, namely Prêt à Voter [12] and FOO [17], and find that many of the re...

What are the political consequences of democratization assistance to regimes transitioning from authoritarian rule? By exploiting the downstream effects of a field experiment designed to encourage citizen monitoring of Georgia’s 2008 parliamentary elections, we evaluate the political consequences of one type of democracy promotion aid. The intervention increased citizen activism, but it also ha...

Research dating to the 1940s has consistently shown that young citizens vote at lower rates than older citizens and are less likely to feel connected to the electoral process (Highton and Wolfinger 2001). Low voter turnout among young citizens has grown more acute since 1972, when the nationwide voting age was lowered to 18. According to figures compiled by CIRCLE researchers, the proportion of...