In this note we show how any formula δ with a proof of super-polynomial size in M→ has a poly-sized proof in K→ . This fact entails that any propositional classical tautology has short proofs, i.e., NP=CoNP. 1 Every classical tautology has short proofs This article reports the results on the investigation on the existence of short proofs for every Classical Propositional Logic tautology. Firstl...

Abstract Microexpressions cannot be observed easily due to their short duration and small-expression range. These properties pose considerable challenges for the recognition of microexpressions. Thus, video motion magnification techniques help us see small motions previously invisible naked eye. This study aimed enhance microexpression features with amplification technology. Also, a multi-featu...

Let g be a complex simple Lie algebra. Vogel derived a universal decomposition of S2g into (possibly virtual) Casimir eigenspaces, S2g = C⊕Y2 ⊕Y ′ 2 ⊕Y ′′ 2 which turns out to be a decomposition into irreducible modules. If we let 2t denote the Casimir eigenvalue of the adjoint representation (with respect to some invariant quadratic form), these modules respectively have Casimir eigenvalues 4t...

Let k be an algebraically closed field, let R be an associative kalgebra, and let F = {Mα : α ∈ I} be a family of orthogonal points in Mod(R) such that EndR(Mα) ∼= k for all α ∈ I. Then Mod(F), the minimal full subcategory of Mod(R) which contains F and is closed under extensions, is a full exact Abelian sub-category of Mod(R) and a length category in the sense of Gabriel [8]. In this paper, we...

Let g be a complex simple Lie algebra. Vogel derived a universal decomposition of S2g into (possibly virtual) Casimir eigenspaces, S2g = C⊕Y2 ⊕Y ′ 2 ⊕Y ′′ 2 which turns out to be a decomposition into irreducible modules. If we let 2t denote the Casimir eigenvalue of the adjoint representation (with respect to some invariant quadratic form), these modules respectively have Casimir eigenvalues 4t...

In this paper, by considering the notion of extended BCK-module, we define the concepts of free extended BCK-module, free object in category of extended BCK-modules and we state and prove some related results. Specially, we define the notion of idempotent extended BCK-module and we get some important results in free extended BCK-modules. In particular, in category of idempotent extended BCK-mod...

The theory of local homology modules was initiated by Matlis in 1974. It is a dual version of the theory of local cohomology modules. Mohammadi and Divaani-Aazar (2012) studied the connection between local homology and Gorenstein flat modules by using Gorenstein flat resolutions. In this paper, we introduce generalized local homology modules for complexes and we give several ways for computing ...

LetR be a ring andM a rightR-module with S= End(MR). The moduleM is called almost principally quasi-injective (or APQ-injective for short) if, for any m∈M, there exists an S-submodule Xm of M such that lMrR(m) = Sm ⊕ Xm. The module M is called almost quasiprincipally injective (or AQP-injective for short) if, for any s∈ S, there exists a left ideal Xs of S such that lS(ker(s)) = Ss ⊕ Xs. In thi...

‎highest weight modules of the double affine lie algebra $widehat{widehat{mathfrak{sl}}}_{2}$ are studied under a‎ ‎new triangular decomposition‎. ‎singular vectors of verma modules are‎ ‎determined using a similar condition with horizontal affine lie‎ ‎subalgebras‎, ‎and highest weight modules are described under the‎ ‎condition $c_1>0$ and $c_2=0$.

The concepts of free modules, projective modules, injective modules, and the like form an important area in module theory. The notion of free fuzzy modules was introduced by Muganda as an extension of free modules in the fuzzy context. Zahedi and Ameri introduced the concept of projective and injective L-modules. In this paper, we give an alternate definition for injective L-modules and prove t...