Picroside II possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects and has been demonstrated to ameliorate cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, its effects on renal I/R injury remain unclear. In the present study, the role of picroside II in attenuating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in a rat model of renal I/R injury was investigated. Sprague Dawley rats were su...

OBJECTIVE Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and oxidative stress participate in endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the causes of pre-eclampsia. Among the human antioxidant mechanisms, there are the enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Our aim was to measure NF-κB, its inhibitor (IKK) and oxidative stress in placenta and umbilical cord o...

Indirubin, a traditional Chinese medicine formulation from the Muricidae family, has been reported to exhibit abroad anti-cancer and anti-inflammation activities and mediate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of indirubin on LPS-induced acute lung injury and the potential mechanism in mice. The results showed that LPS treatment caused ...

Abstract: Sulforaphane (SPN) is reported to activate the Nrf2/Keap1 complex responsible for protein and gene expression promotion of various antioxidant enzymes. The present study examined role Nrf2 in modulating other signaling pathways involved SPN’s attenuation acrolein (ACL)-induced cardiomyopathy rats. Forty-two rat was categorized into seven 4-week treatment groups: control, SPN, losartan...

Heat stress causes morbidity and mortality in humans and animals and threatens food security by limiting livestock productivity. Inflammatory signaling may contribute to heat stress-mediated skeletal muscle dysfunction. Previously, we discovered increased circulating endotoxin and intramuscular oxidative stress and TNF-α protein abundance, but not inflammatory signaling following 24 and 72 h of...

Inspiratory resistive breathing (IRB) induces cytokine expression in the diaphragm. The mechanism of this cytokine induction remains elusive. The roles of MAPKs and NF-κB and the impact of oxidative stress in IRB-induced cytokine upregulation in the diaphragm were studied. Wistar rats were subjected to IRB (50% of maximal inspiratory pressure) via a two-way nonrebreathing valve for 1, 3, or 6 h...

BACKGROUND Development of organ dysfunction associated with sepsis is due in part to oxidative damage to mitochondria. Melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle and also has potent antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of melatonin and other structurally related compounds on mitochondrial function, endogenous glutathione (GSH), and control of cytokine expressio...

Despite well-studied clinical manifestations, intracellular mechanisms of prolonged hyperthermic injury remain unclear, especially in skeletal muscle. Given muscle's large potential to impact systemic inflammation and metabolism, the response of muscle cells to heat-mediated injury warrants further investigation. We have previously reported increased activation of NF-κB signaling and increased ...

Under normal physiological conditions, a homeostatic balance exists between the formation of oxgyen radicals (ROS) and their removal by endogenous scavenging antioxidants. An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants that is in favor of the oxidants potentially leading to damage is termed “oxidative stress”. Mitochondria are a major producer of ROS, which mainly consists of superoxide anion, ...

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. Sepsis accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in critically ill children as well. The pathophysiology of sepsis is characterized by a complex systemic inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction, and alterations in the coagulation system, which lead to perturbations in the delivery o...