Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) are key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. The relative expression of PAL and C3H was evaluated in mango fruit cultivar 'Ataulfo' in four ripening stages (RS1, RS2, RS3, and RS4) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, enzyme activity of PAL and C3H was determined in mango fruits during ripening. The PAL ...

Adequate energy intake in adolescent athletes is considered important. Total energy expenditure (TEE) can be calculated from resting energy expenditure (REE) and physical activity level (PAL). However, validated PAL recommendations are available for adult athletes only. Purpose was to comprise physical activity data in adolescent athletes and to establish PAL recommendations for this population...

Platelets stimulated with thrombin release an inhibitor of plasminogen activator (PAl). which has been shown previously to be neutralized by activated protein C (APC). The requirements for optimal neutralization of PAl activity were investigated. The releasate of gel-filtered human platelets stimulated with thrombin served as a source of PAl. When 6 x i08 platelets/mi were incubated with thromb...

To study the effect of plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAl) on fibrinolysis it is essential to be able to specifically measure these proteins in plasma. To this end PAl-i was purified from cortisol-stimulated HT 1 080 fibrosarcoma cells and antisera raised in rabbits. The immunologic relationship of the purified inhibitor to PAl-i in plasma and platelet extracts was established by immunoblott...

PAL is a peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein found in the cell membranes of many Gramnegative bacteria. The presence of PAL has been demonstrated in Escherichia coli and many bacteria. In this paper, we show the presence of a gene coding for a PAL-like protein in C. vinosum, a photosynthetic bacteria and the partial sequence of the PAL gene.

BACKGROUND Increased physical activity is a cornerstone of type 2 diabetes prevention. The perception of a need to change is considered essential in behaviour change processes. However, the existing literature on individuals' perceived need to change health behaviour is limited. In order to improve understanding of diabetes prevention through increased physical activity levels (PAL), we assesse...

Collagen pentapeptide (Lys-Thr-Thr-Lys-Ser, KTTKS) and its palmitoylated derivative (pal-KTTKS) have received a great deal of attention as cosmeceutical ingredients for their anti-wrinkle effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate stability and permeability of KTTKS and pal-KTTKS in hairless mouse skin. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was develo...

Prolonged air leak (PAL), defined as air leak more than 5 days after lung resection, has been associated with various adverse outcomes. However, studies on intraoperative risk factors for PAL are not sufficient. We investigated whether the intraoperative ventilatory leak (VL) can predict PAL. A retrospective study of 1060 patients with chest tubes after lung resection was conducted. Tidal volum...