In recent years, violence among learners has escalated in many schools South Africa. This raised concern society on whether the measures put place to address problem works. For this reason, we set investigate cause and curb school two a disadvantaged community of Mabopane, Gauteng Province. We selected township setting as context our research. choice is informed by frequent occurrences h...

Nano- and microparticulate carriers can exert a beneficial impact on the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. To investigate the relationships between carrier and antitumor pharmacodynamics, paclitaxel incorporated in liposomes (L-pac) was compared with the clinical standard formulated in Cremophor-EL/ethanol (Cre-pac) in a rat model of advanced primary brain cancer. Three maximum-tolerated-d...

BACKGROUND The benefit to risk ratio of the treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) as a means of limiting the number of transfusions in very preterm infants during hospitalization, seems to be modest since the adoption of restrictive transfusion criteria and of policy limiting phlebotomy losses. We therefore aim to evaluate the factors associated with the number of late blood transfusion in very p...

Androgen control of penis development/growth is unclear. In rats, androgen action in a foetal 'masculinisation programming window' (MPW; e15.5-e18.5)' predetermines penile length and hypospadias occurrence. This has implications for humans (e.g. micropenis). Our studies aimed to establish in rats when androgen action/administration affects development/growth of the penis and if deficits in MPW ...

BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most prevalent form of knee joint disease and characterized by the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. Although pathology of KOA remains unknown, genetic factors are considered to be the major cause. Asporin is a group of biologically active components of extracellular matrix (ECM) in articular cartilage, and asporin gene (ASPN) D-repeat ...

This paper determines optimal public debt in a life cycle model with incomplete markets that matches the empirically observed variation consumption, labor, and savings. We find savings—not debt—equal to 168 percent of output is optimal, primarily due influence on household decision-making. By inducing lower interest rate, savings slow consumption leisure growth over an average household’s lifet...

Two novel devices, torsional actuator and torsional stepper motor, are described and their performance is investigated in detail. Both devices were designed to produce large angular displacement and large torque output from the piezoelectric d15 shear response. In the torsional actuator, the large displacement can be achieved due to built-in amplification of piezoelectric strain using the aspec...