BACKGROUND Ginsenoside Rd (GSRd), a main component of the root of Panax ginseng, exhibits anti-inflammation functions and decreases infarct size in many injuries and ischemia diseases such as focal cerebral ischemia. M1 Macrophages are regarded as one of the key inflammatory cells having functions for disease progression. METHODS To investigate the effect of GSRd on renal ischemia/reperfusion...

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY One objective of mitral valve repair is to restore the distorted mitral apparatus geometry to its normal dimensions specific for each patient. Because all dimensions of the normal aortic and mitral valves should be related, it was hypothesized that, in the presence of a normal aortic annulus, it would be possible to determine the dimensions of the structures need...

The isolated perfused rat kidney (IPK) was used to study the acute effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and its metabolites (M1, M17, M18, M21 and M-COOH). GFR, renal vascular resistance, and sodium, potassium and water reabsorption were measured before and after the addition of CsA/metabolites/vehicles. There was no difference in CsA effect (mild decrease in GFR and increase in renal vascular resist...

Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany) is a highly valued timber species, whereas the leaves are considered to be waste product. A total of 27 phenolic compounds were identified in aqueous extracts from mahogany leaves by comparing retention times and mass spectra data with those of authentic standards using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Polyphenols play an important role in plants as defense mechanisms against pest...

Several features of activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages were elicited by 1-2-d exposure to submicrogram concentrations of anti-Mac-1 (M1/70), a rat monoclonal antibody that reacts with the alpha chain of complement receptor type 3 (Mac-1). The changes induced included enhanced capacity to secrete H2O2 when triggered with PMA, decreased secretion of proteins, increased expression of Ia an...

Introduction: Contamination of foodstuffs with fungi and the toxins produced by them is a very important problem in human and animal feeding. In most villages around Shiraz, in small-scale dairy farms, dry leftover bread which is mostly contaminated with fungi is used as a part of food ration for animals. The thin-layer chromatographic method which was used for determination of aflatoxin. Inges...

Origin of sperm with extra chromosome set Dear Sir, We read with interest the article by Devillard et al. (2002), in which they report on the high frequency of various polyploidies in large-headed sperm. Examining sperm nuclei by FISH from three patients with macrocephalic, multi¯agellated sperm, they also concluded that incomplete partition of homologous chromosomes/chromatids during both meio...

The effect of interleukin 1 (IL 1) on the growth and differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cell line (M1) cells into macrophages has been studied. Purified human IL 1 beta appeared to be growth inhibitory (maximum, 50%) for M1 cells based on cell counts and [3H]thymidine incorporation. The replication of M1 cells was also inhibited by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and as little as 1 unit/ml IL ...