Adrenal sympathetic preganglionic neurons (ADR SPNs) regulating the chromaffin cell release of epinephrine (Epi ADR SPNs) and those controlling norepinephrine (NE ADR SPNs) secretion have been distinguished on the basis of their responses to stimulation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, to glucopenia produced by 2-deoxyglucose, and to activation of the baroreceptor reflex. In this study, we...

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is now widely used around the world to deal with disputes and conflicts as well as agreement-making and planning. Forms of ADR initially developed in many countries often supported thirdparty decision-making and therefore tended to be more advisory or decisional and less facilitative (for example, arbitral forms of ADR were introduced in many jurisdictions b...

BACKGROUND Heparanase, an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS), is involved in various biologic processes. Recently, an association between heparanase and glomerular injury was suggested. The present study examines the involvement of heparanase in the pathogenesis of Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome (ADR-NS) in a mouse model. METHODS BALB/c wild-type (wt) mice and heparanase...

-Chronically hypoxic cells were 5 times more resistant to Adriamycin (ADR) than exponentially growing oxic cells. On reoxygenation, resistance decreased slowly to reach the ADR sensitivity of oxic cells after 24 h. With increasing pH, ADR efficiency increased more in oxic than in chronically hypoxic cells. With increasing cell density, ADR efficiency decreased linearly. The differences in ADR e...

GOALS The aim of this paper was to discuss association between adenoma detection rate (ADR) and interval colorectal cancer risk. BACKGROUND Adenoma detection rate is being used as a benchmark quality measure for colonoscopy. There are three studies showing inverse association between ADR and interval colorectal cancer risk. One recent study reports significant impact of increased ADR on decre...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a cross-talk between opioid receptors (OPRs) and adenosine receptors (ADRs) in remifentanil preconditioning (R-Pre) and, if so, to investigate the types of ADRs involved in the cross-talk. Isolated rat hearts received 30 min of regional ischemia followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. OPR and ADR antagonists were perfused from 10 min before R...

BACKGROUND Adriamycin (ADR) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); its clinical use is limited owing to its marked cardiotoxicity. The present study investigated the possible protective role of carvedilol on ADR-induced left ventricular dysfunction in children with ALL. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty children with newly diag...

Adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy in animals is an experimental analog of human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, which presents as severe podocyte injury and massive proteinuria and has a poorly understood mechanism. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α-mitochondria axis is involved in ADR-induced ...

In a previous study we suggested that, in addition to the reduced Adriamycin accumulation, part of the resistance in an Adriamycin-resist ant human small cell lung carcinoma cell line (GLC4/ADR) could be explained by supposing a changed Adriamycin-DNA-topoisomerase II (Topo II) interaction. The present study showed that the V, 170,000 Pglycoprotein was not overexpressed in GLC4/ADR and that ver...

The advent of high-speed networking has introduced opportunities for applications such as video conferencing and medical imaging. These applications have stringent performance requirements in terms of delay, delay jitter and loss rate. Subsequently a central issue in the design of modern communication networks is the provision of performance guarantees. To facilitate the use of real-time commun...