Background A patient decision aid (PDA) is a tool for shared decision making (SDM), which emphasises patient empowerment. It is useful in chronic diseases and when there are multiple, no best single treatment option. Although SDM is prevalent in Western countries, its use is limited in Chinese societies, where the adoption of a paternalistic approach is strong. Here, we report the development, ...

miRNA levels are altered in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), the most common and lethal pancreatic malignancy, and intact miRNA processing is essential for lineage specification during pancreatic development. However, the role of miRNA processing in PDA has not been explored. Here we study the role of miRNA biogenesis in PDA development by deleting the miRNA processing enzyme Dicer in a ...

Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that produce desmoplastic stroma, thereby modulating disease progression and therapeutic response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). However, it is unknown whether CAFs uniformly carry out these tasks or if subtypes of CAFs with distinct phenotypes in PDA exist. We identified a CAF subpopulation wit...

Infective endarteritis (IE) was a fatal complication and the most common cause of death (45%) in patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), before the introduction of antibiotic therapy and surgical closure of the ductus. The annual risk of IE in patients with PDA was estimated to be 0–45% [5]. Wide use of antibiotics and surgical closure of PDA has reduced significantly the incidence of IE ...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by an extremely poor prognosis, since it is usually diagnosed at advanced stages. In order to employ tools for early detection, a better understanding of the early stages of PDA development from its main precursors, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is needed. Recent studies on...

The purpose of this report is to introduce persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) with persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Case 1 was a Cocker Spaniel with PRAA and case 2 was a Maltese with PDA. PLCVC was enclosed at the sites of PRAA and PDA surgery; therefore, it was lifted dorsally during PDA and PRAA surgery. Surgery to repair congenital heart defects...

The sequence (a) priming flash, (b) dark interval, and (c) red light induces a long-lasting afterdepolarization (PDA) in Balanus photoreceptors. The inward flow of membrane current associated with the decay of PDA was independent of red test flashes, provided that PDA had plateaued at a particular intensity. The influence of wavelength and duration of the priming flash and their interaction wit...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) accounts for 95% of all pancreatic cancers. About 230,000 PDA cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. PDA has the lowest five-year survival rate as compared to others cancers. PDA in Poland is the fifth leading cause of death after lung, stomach, colon and breast cancer. In our paper we have analysed the newest epidemiological research, some of it controv...