PURPOSE The optic cup is created through invagination of the optic vesicle. The morphogenetic rearrangement creates a double-layered cup, with a hinge (the Optic Cup Lip) where the epithelium bends back upon itself. Shortly after the optic cup forms, it is thought to be sub-divided into separate lineages: i) pigmented epithelium in the outer layer; ii) presumptive iris and ciliary body at the m...

Unquestionably, energy transition, which entails increasing renewables in the mix, is among most reliable strategies to discontinue utilization of fossil fuels and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this context, technological advancement can not only stimulate green supply but also promote resource efficiency for realizing ecological goals. Also, persistent long-term policies uni...

Fermented mixtures containing fish-offal meal (FOM) and mulberry leaf meal (MLM) were used as protein supplement to partially replace fish meal (FM) in the formulation of diets for the Indian minor carp Labeo bata. The diets included a reference diet (20 % FM), three diets of fermented mixture of FOM and MLM (T2–T4) replacing 50 to 75 % of FM. Formulation of diet with 30 % FOM, 24 % MLM and 5 ...

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. The effect of flunixin meglumine (FM) on MI is unknown. We investigated the protective effect of FM on the serum biochemical profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), and heart histology changes induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in adult male rats. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups of six eac...

Centrifugal atomization of metal melts is a cost-effective process for powder production and spray deposition. The properties of the as-produced powder and deposit are determined primarily by the characteristics of the atomized droplets, which in turn are largely dependent on the flow development of the melt on the atomizer. This paper develops a model for analysing the flow development of a fu...

1. FM-FM neurons in the auditory cortex of the mustached bat are sensitive to a pair of frequency-modulated (FM) sounds that simulates an FM component of the orientation sound and an FM component of the echo. These neurons are tuned to particular delays between the two FM components, suggesting an encoding of target range information. The response properties of these FM-FM neurons, however, hav...

Let $$F_1$$ and $$F_2$$ be two disjoint graphs. The union $$F_1\cup F_2$$ is a graph with vertex set $$V(F_1)\cup V(F_2)$$ edge $$E(F_1)\cup E(F_2)$$ , the join $$F_1+F_2$$ E(F_2)\cup \{xy\;|\; x\in V(F_1)\hbox { } y\in V(F_2)\}$$ . In this paper, we present characterization to $$(P_5, K_1\cup K_3)$$ -free graphs, prove that $$\chi (G)\le 2\omega (G)-1$$ if G -free. Based on result, further $$ ...

background: the foramen magnum (fm) is an important landmark of the skull base and a transition zone between spine and skull as well as its close relationship to the brain and the spinal cord. so the fm has gained considerable interest due to its comparative anatomy, ontogeny, clinical, and animal breeding viewpoints. objectives: the aim of this study was to determine morphology and morphometry...