A mobile Adhoc network is an autonomous network that consists of nodes which communicate with each other with wireless channel. Since mobile Adhoc network is dynamic in nature due to which there is loss in data transmission. The routing protocol play important role in transmission in mobile Adhoc network In MANET,A routing protocol shows main role to handle entire network for communication and ...

The vehicular adhoc network is the type of network.It is self configuring and decentralized architecture. In the vehicular adhoc network two type of communication is possible which is vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure. Due to decentralized architecture of vehicular adhoc networks many malicious nodes may join the network which is responsible to trigger various type of active and ...

Mobile ADHOC networks is a wireless network consists of number of nodes. The nodes consists of sending packets from source to destination via path connection. The path connection is of multipath routing and it is very unstable and go down at any time and making the connection on ADHOC network is difficult. If primary path fails to send the packet to destination then the secondary path is used t...

The wireless adhoc network is comprised of wireless node which can move freely and are connected among themselves without central infrastructure. Due to the limited transmission range of wireless interfaces, in most cases communication has to be relayed over intermediate nodes. Thus, in such multihop network each node (also called router) is independent, self-reliant and capable to route the me...

Many emerging commercial and military applications require secure multicast communication in adhoc environments. Secure multicast communication in mobile adhoc networks is challenging due to its inherent characteristics of infrastructure-less architecture with lack of central authority, high packet loss rates and limited resources such as bandwidth, time and power. Hence key management is the f...

The mobile adhoc networks is the selfconfiguring type of networks in which mobile nodes can join or leave the network. The adhoc networks is the decentralized type of network due which various issues like security, quality of service and routing arise in the network. The reactive routing is the efficient routing technique in which source node gather information about the network at the time of ...

In modern generation, the applications of MANET are increasing in use. But MANET are more vulnerable to many attacks because of their adhoc nature. The security issue is the main concern in the use of MANET application.Therefor, the selection of efficient methodologies and techniques to protect MANET is an important aspect. Detecting malicious nodes in an open adhoc network in which participati...

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LINK STATE AND DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS 1 Noreen Imran, 2 Samia Riaz, Asma Shaheen, 2 Muhammad Sharif, 2 Mudassar Raza School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand 2 Department of Computer Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Wah Cantt-Pakistan [email protected]...

هدف: این پژوهش با هدف ارائه مدل چالش‌های پرورش کودکان کم‌شنوای پیش‌دبستانی از دیدگاه مادران و متخصصان بر اساس نظریه داده‌بنیاد انجام ‌شده است. روش: نمونه 15 مادر کودک کم‌شنوا 4 تا 6 ساله انجمن والدین شهر تهران 5 متخصص حوزه ناشنوا بودند که در سال 1400 استفاده روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. چالش ­های طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته عمیق رسیدن به اشباع نظری جمع‌آوری کدگذاری (کدگذاری باز، محوری ان...