We thank Goude et al. for their extensive study of the role of embC (Rv3793) in ethambutol (EMB) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (9). Their finding that the Thr270Ile change on its own plays no role in EMB resistance is of particular importance (9). Clinical studies had found this mutation in numerous EMB-resistant but also some EMB-sensitive isolates (13, 15, 16, 19–21). However, give...

Previously, we have shown that a maternal low protein diet, fed exclusively during the preimplantation period of mouse development (Emb-LPD), is sufficient to induce by the blastocyst stage a compensatory growth phenotype in late gestation and postnatally, correlating with increased risk of adult onset cardiovascular disease and behavioural dysfunction. Here, we examine mechanisms of induction ...

Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a restrictive cardiomyopathy of unknown etiology. It is mainly prevalent in the tropical and subtropical countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) for EMF, and detect the relationship between Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) and EMF in the Chinese patients. The right ventricular EMB was performed in 18 patients...

In [4] we presented a tutorial on the stochastically timed process algebra EMPA together with the related theory: semantics, equivalence, and axiomatization. The purpose of this note is to remedy to two errors contained in that paper which are related to the strong extended Markovian bisimulation equivalence ∼EMB defined for EMPA. The first error is contained in the proof of the congruence prop...

BACKGROUND The endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is considered the gold standard in rejection surveillance post cardiac transplant, but is invasive, with risk of complications. A previous trial suggested that the gene expression profiling (GEP) blood test was noninferior to EMB between 6 and 60 months post transplant. As most rejections occur in the first 6 months, we conducted a single-center random...

Genetic analysis of the embB gene revealed mutations in 17 (68%) of 25 ethambutol (EMB) resistant isolates (M306I, M306V, M306L, Q497R) but also in 4 (20%) of 20 EMB-susceptible isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, namely, an ATG-->ATM substitution resulting in M306I, G406N, and the novel alterations M423I and A659T.

IVAN BOLOTOV , YULIA BESPALAYA, OLGA AKSENOVA, ANDREY AKSENOV , NIKITA BOLOTOV , MIKHAIL GOFAROV , ALEXANDER KONDAKOV, INGA PALTSER & ILYA VIKHREV 1Institute of Ecological Problems of the North, the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnaya Dvina Emb. 23, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation 2Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Severnaya Dvina Emb. 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia...

AIMS To provide a standardized endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) protocol and diagnostic quantitative parameters for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D). The Task Force criteria for the in vivo diagnosis of ARVC/D include tissue characterization by EMB as a major criterion. METHODS AND RESULTS EMBs were simulated in vitro with a Cordis bioptome in explanted hearts fro...

The routine indication of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in myocarditis has long been a matter of debate [1]. Although always claimed as the ultimate diagnostic tool for myocarditis, its low sensitivity, low availability, high cost, and the inherent risks of an invasive procedure have led many physicians to avoid performing it. Yet, at present EMB continues to be the “gold standard” for the diagno...

Background & Objective: Mutations in embB306 gene and their association with resistance to ethambutol (EMB) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the point-mutations in emb306B gene and their association with resistance to EMB in M. tuberculosis. Materials & Methods: This case (M. tuberculosis resistant to EMB...