A comparative study was done to determine the profile of vitamin B12 and folate status in Malaysians during two different periods. For the period of 1987/88, we analysed a total of 9,162 cases (inpatients) referred for vitamin B12 estimation and 10,290 cases for folate estimation. We found that 2.6% were vitamin B12 deficient and 31.2% were folate deficient. For the period of 1992/93, of the 9,...

The archetypes The era of modern antibody therapy begins with Rodney Porter’s Nobel Prize-winning report on the basic structure of the immunoglobulin molecule. Using papain for digestion of a 7s rabbit antibody preparation, he obtained two almost identical antigen-binding fragments (Fab) that blocked antigen precipitation by the parent antibody while a third, easily crystallizable fragment (Fc)...

Participants from DPP/DPPOS were assigned to placebo (n=1082) or metformin (n=1073) for 3.2 years, followed by metformin in the metformin group for 9 years. Metformin use was associated with increased risk of vitamin B12 deficiency.

هدفت الدراسة للكشف عن العوامل الجغرافية المؤثرة في انتشار مرض الملاريا، الوقوف على الدور الرسمي ومكافحة المرض إضافة إلى دور المجتمعات والمنظمات الطوعية، الإسهام النظري وضع بعض الحلول والمقترحات التي تساهم مكافحة أو التقليل من معدلات الإصابة، اتبعت هذه الدراسة: المنهج التاريخي والوصفي والتحليلي واستخدمت الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات وتم اختيار عينة عشوائية لمجتمع وبلغ حجم العينة (369) توزيعها ال...

مگس میوه زیتون، (Rossi) Bactrocera oleae حشره‌ای مونوفاژ بوده و مهمترین آفت زیتون در سرتاسر جهان بویژه کشورهای مدیترانه می‌باشد. این پژوهش به منظور مطالعه تغییرات جمعیت مراحل مختلف زندگی برخی ویژگی‌های زیست‌شناسی دو سال منطقه طارم سفلی استان قزوین انجام شد. نتایج بررسی نشان داد که حشره سفلی، سه تا پنج نسل دارد. زمستان را صورت حشرات کامل پناهگاه‌های ندرت شفیره زیر بقایای گیاهی خاک‌های نرم باغ‌ها...

the diagnosis of functional constipation (fc) is usually straightforward. almost 95% of childhood constipation is functional in nature. the remaining 5% can be attributed to wide variety of conditions. many of these etiologies are obvious by history and examination and many have other specific symptoms besides constipation. it is especially important to look for presence of any symptoms or sign...

Previous studies have shown the central role of interleukin 12 (IL-12) in the development of resistance to Leishmania major infection in C3H mice. We now show that during the innate immune response the lymph node cells of L. major-infected C3H mice upregulate the IL-12 receptor on CD4(+), CD8(+), and B220(+) cells. An increase in the ability of the lymph node cells to bind IL-12 correlates with...