Proposition. Let G be a group and (Gi, i ∈ I) a family of subgroups of G. If (i) for each i, j ∈ I there exists k ∈ I with 〈Gi, Gj〉 ≤ Gk, and (ii) Gi is simple for all i ∈ I, then H = ⋃ i∈I Gi is a simple subgroup of G. Proof. Choose i, j ∈ I. Observe that (ii) implies Gi, Gj 6= ∅ because the definition of a simple group excludes this possibility. Clearly, Gi is a group and a subset of 〈Gi, Gj〉...

Correction After the publication of our article [1], we found that a few errors were introduced during the production process. The mathematical definition of expanded temporal block given in Definition 3 (Expanded temporal block) should have been “the corresponding expanded temporal block Bi = {Gi , T∗ i |Gi ⊆ I, Gi ⊇ Gi, T∗ i = Ti} satisfies: ∀x ∈ Gi , ∃y ∈ Gi, s.t. Cx,y ≥ p” rather than “the ...

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its complications are increasing. Like other complications, most of the diabetes patients have gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms but in majority of cases GI complications are under diagnosed and not treated properly, resulting in impairment of the quality of daily life. GI system including liver and pancreas are involved in diabetes mellitus. ...

introduction: elective upper and lower gi endoscopy is usually performed in children on an outpatient basis with the child under sedation or general anesthesia (ga). the objective of this study was to describe anesthesia related complications in   children undergoing elective gi endoscopy.   materials and methods: the study design was descriptive on 1388 patients undergoing elective gi endoscop...

AIM To assess serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) levels in autistic children with severe gastrointestinal (GI) disease and to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between GI pathology and HGF concentration. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum from 29 autistic children with chronic digestive disease (symptoms for a minimum of 6-12 months), most with ileo-colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplas...

Necrosis and apoptosis differentially contribute to myocardial injury. Determination of the contribution of these processes in ischemia-reperfusion injury would allow for the preservation of myocardial tissue. Necrosis and apoptosis were investigated in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts (n = 47) subjected to 0 (Control group), 5 (GI-5), 10 (GI-10), 15 (GI-15), 20 (GI-20), 25 (GI-25), and 30 mi...

Background Gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction is one of the most important surgical emergencies in neonates. Surgeons should select between conservative and invasive strategies. Imaging modalities are important in proper diagnosis. This study evaluates the sensitivity of abdominal radiographies (with or without contrast) in detection of neonatal GI obstruction. Materials and Methods A cross-sect...

Introduction: Congenital gastrointestinal (GI) malformation occurs due to mal development of GI organs. The diagnosis is based on clinical exam and radiography. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of gastrointestinal anomalies in Imam Reza hospital deliveries Mashhad, Iran. Materials and Methods: In retrospective descriptive study for one year since 1.8.1391 all deliveries in...

(i) G is Hausdorff. (ii) Points in G are closed. (iii) The Gi intersect in {e}. Of course, (i) implies (ii) by general topology. For (ii) implies (i), the diagonal in G×G is μ(e), where μ(g, h) = gh. Since G−Gi is the union of the cosets gGi with g / ∈ Gi, G−Gi is open, hence G−Gi is both open and closed, hence so is Gi. Now (iii) clearly implies (ii). If x is in all Gi and is not e, then there...