We show that the differences in the magnetic properties of Ni-Pd and Ni-Pt alloys arise mainly due to relativity. In particular, we find that the local magnetic moment of Ni increases with the addition of Pd in Ni-Pd while it decreases with the addition of Pt in Ni-Pt, as found experimentally, only if relativity is present. Our analysis is based on the effects of relativity on (i) the spin-pola...

In order to examine whether catalyst granular size was a factor for tar removal and syngas composition enhancement, three Ni/char catalysts with 90-100 mesh (Ni/SC), 50-60 mesh (Ni/MC), and 20-30 mesh (Ni/LC) size were prepared with a mechanical mixing method and tested in an updraft gasifier. Reforming parameters investigated were the reaction temperature (650-850C), the Ni loading (5-20% of ...

—The recent discovery of herbivores that feed on Ni-hyperaccumulating plants and contain elevated Ni concentrations in their bodies suggests that Ni may be transferred to their predators. We tested this hypothesis using the high-Ni herbivore Melanotrichus boydi and four predator species: the spiders Pholcus phalangioides and Misumena vatia, the mantid Stagmomantis californica and the lacewing C...

Inanga (Galaxias maculatus) are a euryhaline and amphidromous Southern hemisphere fish species inhabiting waters highly contaminated in trace elements such as nickel (Ni). Ni is known to exert its toxic effects on aquatic biota via three key mechanisms: inhibition of respiration, impaired ion regulation, and stimulation of oxidative stress. Inanga acclimated to freshwater (FW), 50% seawater (SW...

This study investigated the effect of reaction time (minutes to months) on the surface coordination environment of Ni sorbed onto pyrophyllite using XAFS. The data suggest the appearance of multinuclear Ni complexes after a reaction time of minutes. As reaction time !>rogresses, these multinuclear Ni complexes increased in size «NNi-Ni 1.4-4.5). Ni-Ni bond distances (2.99-3.03 A) were similar t...

Nymphs of Stenoscepa sp. feed on leaves of the Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii at serpentine sites in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. These sites contain Ni hyperaccumulators, Ni accumulators, and plants with Ni concentrations in the normal range. We conducted studies to: (i) determine the whole-body metal concentration of nymphs (including those starved to empty their guts); (ii) compar...

Let {S′Ni | i ∈ IN} represent a set consequence operators defined on the language Λ, where each member of {S′Ni | i ∈ IN} corresponds to a science-community physical theory. It is shown that there exists a hyperfinite ultralogic U ∈ ∗Cf defined on all internal subsets of Λ such that U 6 = U, and, for each i ∈ IN, S Ni ( ∗Ni) = U( ∗Ni). For each internal Y ⊂ Λ, ⋃ { S Ni (Y ) | i ∈ IN} ⊂ U(Y ) ⊂ ...