We utilize the path-integral technique to derive the non-linear Sigma model (NLsM) for generalized antiferromagnetic spin-ladder systems on the square lattice with diagonal (next-nearest neighbor) interactions in addition to the nearest neighbor interaction. The model Hamiltonian is:H 1⁄4 Pnl a1⁄41 P i JaSaðiÞ Saði þ 1Þ þ J 0 a;aþ1SaðiÞ Saþ1ðiÞ þ Ka;aþ1SaðiÞ Saþ1ði þ 1Þ þMa;aþ1Saði þ 1Þ SaðiÞ: ...

Duchenne and non-Duchenne type of smiles were studied in infants with and without Down syndrome while they looked at their mother’s face or at objects. In infants with Down syndrome the Duchenne smile with open mouth was the most frequent, regardless of the direction of their gaze. The study of different type of smiles may be related to sociocognitive development in children with Down syndrome....

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery requires surgical correction. A surgical technique is presented. Two infants underwent re-implantation of their anomalous left coronary arteries by creating a tunnel using autogenous aortic and pulmonary arterial walls. The advantage of this technique is that the new left coronary artery lies in the horizontal plane and in a...

To predict the amino acid sites important for the clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtype 1b in vivo, positively selected amino acid sites were detected by analyzing the sequence data collected from the international DNA databank. The rate of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site was compared with that of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site for each codon site in the ...

Objective: Previous research with healthy subjects suggests that the lower alpha band re ̄ects attentional whereas the upper alpha band semantic processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether dyslexics show de®cits in attentional control and/or semantic encoding. Method: The EEG was recorded while subjects were reading numbers, words and pseudowords and analyzed in a lower an...

We construct a random matching model to study the effects of clearing arrangements for private money on the prices at which private monies trade, the volume of exchange, and welfare. In a model with full information, clearing arrangements eliminate discounts on private monies issued in other locations, the volume of exchange increases, and welfare increases. However, with private information ab...

Mapping from acoustic signals to lexical representations is a complex process mediated by a number of different levels of representation. This paper reviews properties of the phonetic and phonological levels, and hypotheses about how category structure is represented at each of these levels, and evaluates these hypotheses in light of relevant electrophysiological studies of phonetics and phonol...

The Monogenea are an ideal group for investigations of the processes behind their past diversification and their present diversity for at least three reasons: they are diverse both in terms of morphology and numbers, they are generally host specific, and their phylogeny is well resolved, at least to the family level. The present investigation takes a broad look at monogenean diversity in order ...

Objective: To analyze the data on patients operated on for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with (Group I) or without (Group II) a correct TB diagnosis and preoperative anti-TB treatment. Methods: Between 1980 and 1997, 144 resections for TB (Groups I 1 II) were performed. The 80 patients in Group I underwent therapeutic resections: 32 cases involved recurrent cavities or tuberculomas, three involve...

Ectodermal placodes contribute to the cranial ganglia and sense organs of the head and, together with neural crest cells, represent defining features of the vertebrate embryo. The identity of different placodes appears to be specified in part by the expression of different Pax genes, with Pax-3/7 class genes being expressed in the trigeminal placode of mice, chick, frogs and fish, and Pax-2/5/8...