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To prevent rapid climate change, it will be necessary to reduce net anthropogenic CO2 emissions drastically. This likely will require imposition of a tax or tradable permit scheme that creates a subsidy for negative emissions. Here, we examine possible niche markets in the cement and steel industries where it is possible to generate a limited supply of negative emissions (carbon storage or sequ...
Objective: To illustrate a hybrid technique that involves a combination of open decompression and Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF) and percutaneously placed pedicle screws. This technique allows for PLIF via a midline incision and approach, and decompression without compromise in operative time and visualisation. Furthermore, this approach is proposed to reduce post-operative wound pain...
This paper highlights the interrelationship of research completed by a team of investigators and presented in the several individual papers comprising this Special Section on the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Arlington, VA, Sponsored Sea Ice Electromagnetics Accelerated Research Initiative (ARI). The objectives of the initiative were the following: 1) understand the mechanisms and processes t...
We present the first polylog-competitive online algorithm for the general multicast admission control and routing problem in the throughput model. The ratio of the number of requests accepted by the optimum offline algorithm to the expected number of requests accepted by our algorithm is O((logn + log logM)(logn + logM) logn), where M is the number of multicast groups and n is the number of nod...
We study the average-case running-time of single-source shortest-path (SSSP) algorithms assuming arbitrary directed graphs with n nodes, m edges, and independent random edge weights uniformly distributed in [0,1]. We give the first label-setting and label-correcting algorithms that run in linear time O(n+ m) on the average. In fact, the result for the label-setting version is even obtained for ...
BACKGROUND The usefulness of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes is controversial. We aimed to assess the addition of creatinine-based eGFR and albuminuria to traditional risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular risk with a meta-analytic approach. METHODS We meta-analysed individual-level data for 637 315 individuals witho...
We study the problem of finding lowest common ancestors (LCA) in trees and directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). Specifically, we extend the LCA problem to DAGs and study the LCA variants that arise in this general setting. We begin with a clear exposition of Berkman and Vishkin’s simple optimal algorithm for LCA in trees. Their ideas lay the foundation for our work on LCA problems in DAGs. We presen...
Two natural kinds of problems about “structured collections of symbols” can be generally referred to as the LARGEST COMMON SUBOBJECT and the SMALLEST COMMON SUPEROBJECT problems, which we consider here as the dual problems of interest. For the case of rooted binary trees where the symbols occur as leaf-labels and a subobject is defined by label-respecting hereditary topological containment, bot...
This note studies the preservation of controllability (and other properties) under sampling of a nonlinear system. More detailed results are obtained in the cases of analytic systems and of systems with finite dimensional Lie algebras. 1. Preliminaries. When a system is regulated by a digital computer, control decisions are often restricted to be taken at fixed times 0,λ,2λ,...; one calls λ>0 t...
0196 From the Asian tiger mosquito in the American South, to the Eurasian zebra mussel in the Great Lakes, to European quackgrass throughout the United States, invasions of non-native species can disrupt ecosystems, cause havoc with local economies, and even threaten health. A new study shows that, at least for freshwater fishes, the major driver of successful invasion is human development, not...
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