Background Disease modifying treatments (DMTs) have transformed the management of people with MS (pwMS). However, patients an EDSS>6.5 (pwAMS) are considered beyond DMT due to (i) focus on ambulation as outcome measure, (ii) assumption that in pwAMS inflammation plays no role, and (iii) disregard for potentially length-dependent neuro-axonal damage. Cladribine is a CNS penetrant, effective, ...

Lead induced tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a known complication of cardiac implanted electronic devices and has been associated with increased rates right heart failure, hospitalization, death. Leadless pacemakers eliminate lead impingement on the valve leaflets but there are other mechanisms by which pacing may worsen TR. Data change in TR severity after leadless pacemaker implantation patie...