Polyamines (PAs) are involved in various developmental processes, especially plant flowering. Their significant influences have been established; however, the exact mechanism by which PAs regulate flowering remains unclear. To explore PA metabolism flowering, gibberellic acid (GA3, 0~2400 mg L?1) and spermidine (Spd, 0~1 mM) were applied alone or combination during early stage of flower bud for...

Hormones play important roles in regulating the grain filling process and protein accumulation. In this study, two wheat cultivars differing in grain protein concentration were used to investigate the changes in endogenous hormone contents and the mechanism of hormonal regulation of grain filling and protein accumulation under exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) or gibberellic acid (GA...

Plant regeneration was achieved using somatic embryos obtained from the Vitis vinifera cvs Sugraone, Crimson Seedless and Don Mariano. White somatic embryos, 1.5-3 mm in length, were cultured on embryo germination medium with or without IAA (10 μM) + GA3 (1 μM). Germinated embryos showed 5 different morphologies, (1) one cotyledon, (2) two cotyledons, (3) three cotyledons, (4) trumpet-like and ...

This research was caried out to understand the behavior of growth regulators (giberelic acid (GA3) e 6-benzilaminopurin (BAP) on lignification system of Eucalyptus grandis (FORMER Hill Maiden). After GA3 (alone) and BAP (combined) applications, analyses were carried out. These regulators were applied by a atomization system at different concentrations levels. Anatomical analysis, including Mäul...

The Discovery of the Content Giberellin Acid (GA3) in Extracts Several Plant Spesies. studies have found that application growth regulator can induce seedless seeded varieties and also improve fruit quality non-seeded grapes. It is directly responsible for cell division used horticulture to promote seed germination. high price makes it unaffordable farmers, especially Indonesia, so necessary lo...

gibberellic acid (ga3) is a group of plant hormones identified in various plants. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of ga3 on sperm parameters and in vitro fertilization (ivf). fifty six adult male rats were divided into seven groups as, control, treatment and sham. following 15, 30 and 45 days of ga3 and methanol alcohol (ma) administration, rats were euthanized and epididymis...

The second and third geometric-arithmetic indices GA2(G) and GA3(G) of a graph G are defined, respectively, as ∑ uv∈E(G) √ nu(e,G)nv(e,G) 1 2 [nu(e,G)+nv(e,G)] and ∑ uv∈E(G) √ mu(e,G)mv(e,G) 1 2 [mu(e,G)+mv(e,G)] , where e = uv is one edge in G, nu(e,G) denotes the number of vertices in G lying closer to u than to v andmu(e,G) denotes the number of edges in G lying closer to u than to v. The Sz...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different plant growth regulators, NAA (0 mg/l, 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l) and GA3 (0 mg/l, 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l), with various boron concentrations (0 mg/l, 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l) on pollen germination of ‘Şaba’, ‘Rabie’ and ‘Padre’ almond cultivars in 10% sucrose and 1% agar medium at 24°C in dark conditions. The results showed that different tr...

the effect of gibberellic acid (ga3) on jerusalem cherry (solanum pseudocapsicum l.) was evaluated at pot cultivation conditions. this study was performed in factorial test based on complete random design plan and 4 repeats with 12 treatments. the main factor was included spraying, drip and spraying + drip. secondary factor was included concentrations of ga3 at 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg.l-1 levels...

When embryonated and de-embryonated cotyledons of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were kept for germination, only embryonated cotyledons (EC) developed into seedlings. alpha-Amylase activity appeared late in de-embryonated cotyledons (DEC), but increased and matched with that of EC on 4th day, and thereafter started declining. A higher content of reducing sugars may be one of the factors in down ...