Abstract In July 2011, the Pakistani public learnt that Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had used a vaccination campaign as cover to capture Osama Bin Laden. The Taliban leveraged on this information and launched an anti-vaccine propaganda discredit vaccines workers. We evaluate effects of these events immunization by implementing difference-in-differences strategy across cohorts districts. fi...

Traditionally, cluster randomized controlled trials are analyzed with the average intervention effect of interest. However, in populations that contain higher degrees heterogeneity or variation may differ across different values a covariate, which not be optimal. Within education and social science contexts, exploring magnitude treatment at points population can indicate where is most effective...

Blood lead levels (BLLs) have substantially decreased in recent decades in children in France. However, further reducing exposure is a public health goal because there is no clear toxicological threshold. The identification of the environmental determinants of BLLs as well as risk factors associated with high BLLs is important to update prevention strategies. We aimed to estimate the contributi...

An approach is presented to establish a state-wide basis for geochemical background values from the available data of Geological Survey Bavaria. For this purpose, typical element concentrations rock units in Bavaria were statistically evaluated and lithogeochemical map derived geological at scale 1:25,000. The elements comprise 39 geogenic main trace (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2...

Case-control studies have shown an association between low birth weight and risk for renal failure. The Medical Birth Registry of Norway, which comprises data on all births in Norway since 1967, and the Norwegian Renal Registry, which comprises data on all patients who have developed ESRD in Norway since 1980, were used to examine whether birth-related variables were associated with risk for ES...

This study assesses bias error of rainfall from climate models and related propagation effects to simulated streamflow in the Gidabo sub-basin, Ethiopia. Rainfall is obtained a combination four global regional (GCM-RCMs), by means Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV-96) rainfall-runoff model. Five correction methods were tested reduce bias. To assess propagation, percent (PBIAS), dif...

BACKGROUND Small for gestational age (SGA) infants have been reported to be at higher risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of SIDS among SGA and large for gestational age (LGA) infants with that of death from other causes of sudden unexpected deaths in infancy (SUDI) and the residual "other" causes of infant death. METHODS The 2002 US period infant bir...

BACKGROUND Existing fetal growth references all suffer from 1 or more major methodologic problems, including errors in reported gestational age, biologically implausible birth weight for gestational age, insufficient sample sizes at low gestational age, single-hospital or other non-population-based samples, and inadequate statistical modeling techniques. METHODS We used the newly developed Ca...