A UNIX operating system together with a complete user environment has been implemented on the VAX-11/780 computer manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation. The VAX-11/780 system provides 32-bit addresses and data. It uses the same input/output devices and the PDP-11 family and is controlled through a console computer which can be remotely accessed. Additionally, the VAX-11/780 is priced ne...

A valid compiler optimisation transforms a block in a program without introducing new observable behaviours to the program as a whole. Deciding which optimisations are valid can be difficult, and depends closely on the semantic model of the programming language. Axiomatic relaxed models, such as C++11, present particular challenges for determining validity, because such models allow subtle effe...

Recent work has sparked new interest in type-supervised part-of-speech tagging, a data setting in which no labeled sentences are available, but the set of allowed tags is known for each word type. This paper describes observational initialization, a novel technique for initializing EM when training a type-supervised HMM tagger. Our initializer allocates probability mass to unambiguous transitio...