introduction: since hypercalciuria is implicated in renal stone formation, random urine calcium to creatininee ratio (uca/cr) is the practical use in screening for hyperalciuria. however, due to worldwide variations in reference values for human population and difficulty of 24 hr urine collection for detection of hypercalciuria, we decided to conduct this study to determine normal confecting ra...

This study aimed to identify the association of perceived social norms with intention early marriage practice among unmarried adolescent girls (13–17 years) in Kersa Demographic and Health Surveillance System. A community-based cross-sectional was conducted during September–November 2019. Adolescent girls’ assessed using norm measuring tools. The log-binomial model used factors associated inten...

AIMS To determine the extent of combined oral contraceptive use by girls aged 10-16 years in Scotland. METHODS Assessment of combined oral contraceptive prescribing in 35 414 girls for the year 1 November 1999-31 October 2000 from data retrieved from 161 primary care practices taking part in the Scottish Programme for Improving Clinical Effectiveness in Primary Care, and from national aggrega...

This paper shows that income shocks to rural households have permanent effects on the educational attainment of 7-15 year old children within the household. Using a 13 year panel survey of households in rural Tanzania, I find that idiosyncratic crop shocks such as pests, theft and fire cause changes in the distribution of schooling among children within the household that persist 10-13 years af...

Background: Inguinal hernia in children is a very common surgical condition. Various techniques are being done for repair children. Single port needlescopic assisted girls time honoured technique with minimum complications and excellent Aim: To determine the outcome of single needle girls. Study design: Descriptive case series Place duration study: Department Paediatric Surgery Sahiwal Teaching...