Artificial Immune System is applied to determine the optimal hourly schedule of power generation in a hydrothermal system. A multi-reservoir cascaded hydroelectric system with a nonlinear relationship between water discharge rate, net head and power generation is considered. The water transport delay between connected reservoirs is taken into account. The transmission losses are also taken into...

Turbo codes, introduced by Berrou, Glavieux and Thitimajshima in 1993 [1], are widely used codes that exhibit excellent empirical results, i.e., the decoding algorithm produces a codeword very quickly. While turbo codes are very popular, theoretical analysis of their performance has been unsupportive. Codewords have extremely small minimum distance, and no one has been able to prove that the de...