The New World genus Philonome Chambers, 1874 is revised. This genus comprises twelve species, seven of which are described as new: two species, Philonomenigrescens sp. n. and Philonomewielgusi sp. n., from the United States; four species, Philonomealbivittata sp. n., Philonomecurvilineata sp. n., Philonomekawakitai sp. n., and Philonomelambdagrapha sp. n., from French Guiana; and one species, P...

On the 3rd October 1875, a Hindoo male child, named Ootum Chund, aged 2 years, was brought to the Arrah Dispensary by his father "for strangulated umbilical hernia. A knuckle of intestine, of the size of a large walnut, was seen to have protruded through the umbilical ring, the sharp edge of which had tightly bound down the neck of the sack. The patient had not been moved since the appearance o...

In England in 1800 a profound change occurred that ushered in an important component in the regime of modern economic growth. In pre-industrial England, from 1250 to 1800, the rich produced many more surviving children than the poor. From 1800 to 1875 there was no association between wealth and net fertility. And after 1875 wealth became strongly negatively associated with net fertility. Why th...